glial cells.pptx

HEREIN WE WILL DISCUSS THE MOST UNTOUCHED TOPIC IN BIOLOGY, WHAT IS GLIAL CELL? HOW THEY DIFFER FROM NEURON, TYPES AND FUNCTIONS OF GLIAL CELLS

1. DR. RAKESH KUMAR GUPTA Glial cells

2. Glial cells Glial cells, also known as neuroglia , are cells that surround and support the neurons of the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. They do not carry nerve impulses (action potentials), but they do perform a variety of important functions. Neurons would not function properly without them.

3. TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS CELLS Glial cells are classified into six types Astrocytes Ependymal Cells Microglia Satellite Cells Oligodendrocytes Schwann Cell GLIAL CELLS

4. ASTROCYTES Astrocytes are star-shaped glial cells within the brain and spinal cord, depending on the method used they make up between 20 and 40% of all glial cells. Function: Metabolic support   Regulation of extracellular ionic environment   Neurotransmitter uptake   Modulation of synaptic transmission  

5. Ependymal Cells Ependymal Cells The ependyma is the thin lining of the ventricular system of the brain and spinal cord. The main function of these cells is the production of  cerebrospinal fluid  (CSF) as a part of the choroid plexus.

6. Oligdendrocyte These cells are responsible for insulating the axons in the central nervous system. They carry out this function by producing a  myelin sheath  that enwraps around a part of the axon. Microglia Microglial cells make up between 10 and 15% of cells within the brain and are of a  mesodermal  origin, unlike the other glial cells which are of ectodermal origin. These cells form the  resident immune system  of the brain. They are activated in response to tissue damage and have the capability to recognise foreign antigens and initiate  phagocytosis  to remove foreign material.

7. TYPES OF GLIAL CELLS CELLS Schwan cells: Schwann cells are named for Theodor Schwann, the physiologist who discovered them. They function a lot like oligodendrocytes by providing myelin sheaths for axons. However, Schwann cells are found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) rather than the CNS. Satellite cells: Satellite cells get their name from the way they surround certain neurons, with several "satellites" forming a sheath around the cellular surface. GLIAL CELLS