Global warming tad 2014-05

1. Welcome P.N.Harathi TAD/14-05 Dept. Of Entomology 1

2. a threat? Is Global warming

3. Definition Global warming is defined as an increase in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere, especially a sustained increase great enough to cause changes in the global climate’. Green House effect The global warming potential (GWP) of a gas is defined as the " radiative forcing" ( the additional radiative power that the gas is  sending back to the ground ) of a given quantity of gas, cumulated over a given period, generally 100 years. This value is actually never given as an absolute figure , but relatively to CO 2 . The GWP of a gas is therefore "how much more" (or how much less) it "enhances the greenhouse effect over 100 years" (that is how much additional energy it sends back to the ground) compared to a similar quantity of CO 2  emitted at the same time. 3

4. Current greenhouse gas concentrations 4 Gas Pre-1750 tropospheric conc. Recent tropospheric conc. Absolute increase since 1750 Percentage increase since 1750 Increased radiative forcing (W/m 2 ) Carbon dioxide   280  ppm 395.4 ppm 115.4 ppm 41.2% 1.88 Methane   700 ppb 1893 ppb 1193 ppb 170.4% 0.49 Nitrous oxide   270 ppb 326 ppb 56  ppb 20.7% 0.17 Tropospheric ozone   237 ppb 337  ppb 100 ppb 42% 0.4

5. Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Source: Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions by source 5

6. Important Green house gases How it’s produced Avg. Life Time CO 2 Burning of fossil fuels, solid waste, and trees and wood products. Changes in land use also play a role. Deforestation and soil degradation add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, while forest regrowth takes it out of the atmosphere 100 years CH 4 Production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. livestock and agricultural practices and from the anaerobic decay of organic waste in municipal solid waste landfills. 12 Years N 2 o Emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of fossil fuels and solid waste. 114 years CFCs A group of gases that includes hydrofluorocarbons , perfluorocarbons , and sulfur hexafluoride, among other chemicals. These gases are emitted from a variety of industrial processes and commercial and household uses, and do not occur naturally. Sometimes used as substitutes for ozone-depleting substances such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). A few weeks to thousands of years 6

7. Global warming 7

8. How Global Warming Works Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 8

9. Global warming climatic events of the past 150 years have revealed that the temperatures have risen all over the globe, with the warming occurring in two phases. The first phase was from 1919 to 1940, with an average temperature gain of 0.35°C, and the second phase was from 1970 to the present, exhibiting temperature gains of 0.55°C . Records show that the past 25 years have been the warmest time of the past 5 centuries. Red colour : Severe Global warming Blue colour : < Normal temperatures 9

10. How is global warming measured? 10 An Ice core is a core sample that is typically removed from an ice sheet, most commonly from the polar ice caps of Antarctica, Green land or from high mountain glaciers else where. when entrapped carbon dioxide levels are high, the temperature goes up too. Scientists use the ratio of heavy to normal water in ice layers to estimate average temperatures at the time the ice was made

11. ICE CORE DATA 11

12. Ice core 12 Ice at the South Pole contains air bubbles that are up to 800 000 years old.

13. Antarctic Ice-Core Stations 13

14. CO 2 Atmospheric Measurements CO 2 Measurements Since 1958 – Mauna Loa, Hawaii 14

15. Argo float 15 Deploying a robotic Argo ocean-profiling float.

16. Greed is the cause of global warming 16

17. Burning of Fossil Fuels Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil Pollution from coal, natural gas, and oil 17

18. Effects of Global Warming 18

19. What’s the proof that global warming is taking place?

20. THE TOP FLOODS IN INDIA’S HISTORY Year Name Death People affected 1987 Bihar 1 400 people 5000 animal dead 29 millon people 2005 Maharashtra 5000 people 2005 Gujarat < 123 (11 days) 2,50,000 2007 South Asian 2000 (> 15 days) 30 million 2009 K, Ke , Ori , G, NE 200 Million homes 2010 Ladakh 255 133 crores 2011 Indian Ker, WB, Bihar, Assam > 10 million people 2012 Northern Indian Assam 27 9 lakh people Ut. K , H P and Jammu, resulting in landslides, cloud bursts and flash floods. 34 Hundreds 20

21. People evacuated from their homes due to the incessant floods in India wade in the waters, searching for a place to make camp during 2009 21

22. Drought Of the total agricultural land in India, about 68% is prone to drought of which 33% is chronically drought prone, receiving rainfall of less than 750mm per year. This is particularly the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa. The World Record Of Drought Was In 2000 in Rajasthan, India. 22

23. Portage Glacier 1914 2004 Alaska Photos: NOAA Photo Collection and Gary Braasch – WorldViewOfGlobalWarming.org 23

24. Colorado River Arizona June 2002 Dec 2003 24

25. Arctic sea ice melting away This photograph shows the extent of sea ice in the summer of 1983. Photo: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualisation Studio Satellite photos show that by 2007 the extent of summer sea ice was greatly reduced 25

26. Consequences of Global warming 26

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28. Its in our hands 28

29. We are running out of time Act now before its too late 29

30. What’s being done now to reduce our emissions? Solar Power Wind Power Fuel-Efficiency 30

31. Simple Things To Do Turn off your computer or the TV when you’re not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Use compact fluorescent bulbs. 31

32. Simple Things To Do Dress lightly when it’s hot. Instead of turning up the air conditioning, use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree. Recycle. 32

33. Each one Plant one 33

34. Thank you 34