Global warning and climate change

“The warning about global warming have been extremely clear for a long time. We are facing a global climate crisis.”
-AI Gore

1. Global Warning and climate change Presented By: Dipak kumar NIT Durgapur

2. Presentation O utline Global warming, climate change-definitions Human impact on planet earth Global environment degradation-causes, evidences and progression Greenhouse earth-gases, effects and history Carbon dioxide levels, sources and contributions Global warming-concept, indicators, factors, critical targets and impacts Ozone depletion- impacts, photochemical smog episodes Global climate change-indicators, health impacts

3. “Everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.” -Mark Twain,1897 “The warning about global warming have been extremely clear for a long time. We are facing a global climate crisis.” -AI Gore Voice about global climate change

4. Definition of Global Warming and Climate change Global Warming Climate Change Refers to temperature increase in the troposphere. An increase in Earth’s average surface temperature due to rising level of greenhouse gases. Refers to changes in any aspects of the earth’s climate including temperature, precipitation and storm intensity and patterns. A long-term change in the Earth’s climate, or of a region on Earth.

5. Human impact on the earth Human activities Earth Global Climate change

6. Global environmental degradation The environment change is a combination of natural events and human intervention. It occurs at global, regional and local levels. Human beings have altered every element of the planet earth.

7. Cause of global environmental problems Population growth Human Impacts Per capita consumption Technology Environmental crisis

8. Environmental impact refers to the alteration of the natural environment by human activity. Cause of global environmental impact Environmental Impact(I) = population(P) * consumption(C) I = P*C Environmental Impact = population size * per capita consumption * pollution and resource use per unit of consumption.

9. World human population growth 1804 1 billion 1920 2 billion 1974 4 billion 1987 5 billion 1999 6 billion 2021 8 billion 2013 7 billion

10. Earth has finite resources. Its ability to sustain the growing population is finite. Its ability to provide food and energy is finite. Economic need allow exploitation of natural resources Industrialized nations consume more resources per capita. Polution has a negative impact on humans in terms of health and quality of life, as well as on other animals and plants. Ecological Crisis Human carrying capacity of the earth is not infinite

11. Global consumption explosion Global resource consumption is rising rapidly. The resource consumption is driven by population growth and rising wealth. This ever-increasing consumption puts strain on the environment. As a result, emissions and wastes pollute the earth and destroy the ecosystems.

12. Impact of technology revolution Positive Ecological effects Negative Ecological effects Improved quality of life Greater economic growth Rapid and bulk production of goods Better transportation Faster communication Comfortable housing Enjoyable recreation Pollution of life support systems Degradation of natural habitats Global warming and climate changes Depletion of natural resources Impact of industrial agriculture Toxic contamination Depletion of ozone layer

13. Is a structural building with different types of covering materials, such as a glass or plastic roof & frequently glass or plastic walls Receiving energy (in the form of light) from outside; the inside of greenhouse will heat & emit infrared radiation. It happens that glass is a material pretty opaque to these infrared radiation emitted by the interior of greenhouse. This prevents the energy to dissipate easily outside & leads to a temperature increase that would not happen if infrared could freely escape from greenhouse. WHAT IS GREENHOUSE?

14. is a natural process that warms the Earth, and, in fact, is quite necessary for our survival. Gases in the atmosphere, like water vapour (clouds), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) act as a natural blanket by preventing the sun’s heat energy from radiating back into space, much like a greenhouse traps the sun’s energy to warm someone’s plants even in the middle of winter. The natural greenhouse effect helps warm the Earth’s surface by as much as 33 o C, and without it, our planet would be too cold for humans to survive . Greenhouse Effect

15. Process of Greenhouse

16. As the sun’s energy hits the Earth, some of that energy is absorbed by the earth’s crust and by the oceans, warming the planet. The rest of the energy is radiated back toward space as infrared energy. While some of this infrared energy does radiate back into space, some portion is absorbed and re-emitted by water vapor and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. This absorbed energy helps to warm the planet’s surface and atmosphere just like a greenhouse.

17. Greenhouse earth Greenhouse gases have been essential to the survival life on planet earth. They trap heat and cause the earth to warm. Human activities alter the proportion of GHG’s in the atmosphere. They add more GHGs and induce more heat trapping by the atmosphere.

18. Greenhouse gas ( ghg )

19. GLOBAL GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS

20. Recent warming is due to greenhouse gases

21. Future warming depends on emissions

22. Ways to Reduce Greenhouse Effect Reduce, Reuse, Recycle Use less heat and air conditioning Drive less and drive smart Factory install smoke filters Plant a tree Vehicles use unleaded petrol Enforce the law on behalf of polluting the environment Environmental campaign

23. TIMELINE OF GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS

24. SOURCES OF GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

25. Concept of global warming G lobal warming is a continuing increase in the earth’s overall temperature. It is caused by the greenhouse effect. Greenhouse gases have increased from human activity. Sea level is rising and snow and ice cover is decreasing. In 2007,the International Panel on Climate Change(IPCC) started that there is a 90% probability that human activity is causing the warming. Many scientists feel that the consequences of global warming is irreversible. Global warming is a serious threat brought about by human activity.

26. What causes global warming? Carbon dioxide + other air pollution like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun's heat Source: Coal-burning power plants are the largest U.S. -- they produce 2.5 billion tons CO2 every year. Automobiles, the second largest source, create nearly 1.5 billion tons of CO2 annually. From household : Vehicles Home Heating Electricity

27. 2009 Indian floods The 2009 India floods affected various states of India in July 2009. The most affected states were Karnataka, Orissa, Kerala, Gujarat and North-East Indian states, with over 200 people reported dead, and a million homes destroyed. CAUSING BAD THINGS 2002, Colorado, Arizona and Oregon endured worst wildfire seasons ever dust storms in Montana, Colorado and Kansas floods hundreds of millions of dollars in damage in Texas, Montana and North Dakota snow accumulation has declined 60 winter seasons shortened in Cascade Range in Oregon and Washington Impact of Global warming

28. How can we cut global warming pollution reducing pollution from vehicles and power plants Hybrid gas-electric engines put existing technologies for building, cleaner cars and more modern electricity generators into widespread use renewable energy sources such as wind, sun and geothermal manufacture more efficient appliances and conserve energy DO TO HELP FIGHT GLOBAL WARMING choose a compact fluorescent light bulb over an incandescent bulb opting for a refrigerator with the Energy Star label fluorescent light bulb refrigerator

29. Turn off your computer or the TV when you're not using it. Take shorter showers. Heating water uses energy. Keep rooms cool by closing the blinds, shades, or curtains. Turn off the lights when you leave a room. Simple Things To Do

30. Dress lightly when it’s hot instead of turning up the air conditioning. Or use a fan. Dress warmly when it’s cold instead of turning up the heat. Offer to help your parents keep the air filters on your AC and furnace clean. Walk short distances instead of asking for a ride in the car. Plant a tree.

31. BESIDE THAT : HYBRID CARS :- These still cost more than they save, but not too much, and lots of people like the idea of polluting less. We will eventually switch over almost completely and the sooner the better--there's lots of room for savings here. NUCLEAR POWER:- Nuclear power still has problems, but makes no C02. A high priority needs to be placed on solving the nuclear-waste problem. PUMPING C02 UNDERGROUND:- It seems incredible, but they do it all the time to force oil out of oil wells. US DOE has a big project to study this. It may turn out to be too expensive, but it is considered to be one of the best options by those in the know. WIND POWER:- Facts will be studying this option soon. It is nearly break-even but how much could be installed? Is 5% of total power realistic? Right now that seems very far off.

32. Depletion of ozone layer

33. Impact of ozone depletion

34. Formation of photochemicAl smog

35. Effect of ozone depletion and ozone pollution

36. Global climate change Climate change is a critical global change. Climate change is potentially one of the greatest of all threats to the environment, to the biodiversity and ultimately to the quality of human life.

37. Evidences of climate change Artic climate impact assessment(ACIA,2004)

38. Human health impacts of climate change

39. Global impact of climate change

40. Future impact of climate change : global projections

41. Latest update

42. Thank you