Glomerulonephritis in adn and pathophysiology.pptx

This ppt presentation about glomerulonephritis including introduction, definition, classification, etiology, clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, nursing role, complications.

1. Glomerulonephritis f.i.solanki

2. Introduction Glomerulonephritis is a group of kidney diseases characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli-tiny filtering units inside the kidney that help remove waste and excess fluid from the blood .It can be acute, rapidly progressive, or chronic, and can lead to significant kidney damage if untreated It is often immune-mediated and may follow infections, systemic diseases, or autoimmune conditions.

3. Inflammation of the renal glomeruli, leading to altered permeability of the glomerular membrane, causing proteinuria, hematuria, reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and sometimes rena ure. Definition

4. Classification Acute GN - sudden onset after infection (e.g., post-streptococcal GN) Rapidly progressive GN - rapid loss of kidney function within weeks months 3. Chronic GN - slow, progressive damage over years

5. Etiology Infectious causes: Post-streptococcal GN Viral infection Autoimmune & systemic diseases: IgA nephropathy Membrano proliferative GN
Minimal change disease Certain drugs (NSAIDs, antibiotics)
Genetic predisposition

6. Clinical manifestations Hematuria Proteinuria (foamy urine)
Oliguria (low urine output Edema Hypertension
Fatigue, weakness Shortness of breath (fluid overload)
Seizures (hypertensive encephalopathy)
Signs of uremia (nausea, confusion)

7. Pathophysiology

8. 8 History & Physical Exam Urinalysis Blood test Immunological tests: ANA, anti-GBM, ANCA Renal ultrasound
CT scan Renal biopsy Diagnostic evaluation

9. Management A. Medical Treatment underlying cause (e.g., antibiotics for strep infection) Control hypertension (ACE inhibitors, ARBs, diuretics) Reduce inflammation (corticosteroids, immunosuppressants ) Manage edema (salt restriction, diuretics) Dialysis if severe renal failure

10. B. Dietary Low sodium Moderate protein restriction Adequate calories C. Surgical Management There is no direct surgical treatment for GN itself, but:
Renal biopsy (diagnostic)
Dialysis access creation (AV fistula, catheter) if ESRD develops
Kidney transplantation for irreversible kidney failure 10

11. 11 1. Assessment : Monitor vitals (especially BP) Daily weight, fluid balance Monitor urine output & appearance 2.nterventions Restrict sodium & fluid as ordered Administer priscribed meds Educate on diet & compliance
Observe for complications ( hyperkalemia , worsening edema ) Nursing Responsibilities

12. 3. Patient Education : Importance of completing antibiotic courses Regular follow-up for kidney function tests

13. Complications 13 Acute kidney injury (AKI) Chronic kidney disease (CKD ) Hypertensive enconhalopathy Heart failure

14. thank you