glomerulonephritis .pptx

glomerulonephritis

1. ACUTE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

2. DEFINITION OF GLOMERULONEPRHITIS Glomerulonephritis is a kidney condition that involves damage /inflammation to the glomeruli.

3. Acute glomerulonephritis is an infective renal disease characterized by sudden onset of hematuria, oliguria, edema and hypertension . DEFINITION OF ACUTE GLOMERULONEPRHITIS

4. INCIDENCE More common in male than females. Most common in preschool and early school age children with a peak age of onset of 6-7 years. Rare in children under two years of age. On average responsible for 2 to 4% of pediatric admissions in India.

5. ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTOR Streptococcal infection of the throat ( strep throat) or skin ( impetigo) Immune diseases, such as SLE Diabetes High blood pressure Vasculitis (inflammation of the blood vessels) Viruses ( HIV, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus) Endocarditis (infection of the valves of the heart)

6. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS Flank pain Foamy urine Cola color or diluted iced tea color urine Hematuria , Oliguria, Dysuria(Painful urination) Anemia and kidney failure Hypertension Fluid Retention

8. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION History Collection Physical examination Urinalysis Biopsy IVP(Intravenous pyelogram) is an x-ray exam that uses a special dye to outline the kidneys, ureters and bladder. Blood Test USG

9. MANAGEMENT Treatment depends on the cause of the disorder, type and severity of the symptoms. High B.P. may be hard to control Controlling the B.P. usually the most important part of the treatment. Dialysis Medication: Diuretics Anti-hypertensive

10. Life style changes Sodium and water restriction Potassium, phosphorus, magnesium restriction. Limit intake of protein in the diet. Take calcium supplements. Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise. MANAGEMENT CONTD..

11. COMPLICATIONS Acute and chronic renal failure Nephrotic syndrome Hypertension Electrolyte imbalances Pulmonary edema

12. NURSING MANAGEMENT Assess the onset, duration, location, and intensity of pain. Provide comfort devices, quite environment and calm activities. Encourage use of relaxational technique. Provide diversion therapy.

13. Change the position frequently. Elevate the edematous extremities. Allow the patient to heard the running water to promote the diuresis. Instruct the patient to perform the deep breathing exercise. Encourage the rest between the activities to avoid the overexertion. NURSING MANAGEMENT CONTD…