Glycolysis Pathway

This presentation has detailed information on glycolysis. each step is explained in detail. there are certain videos which i have taken from youtube. if these videos are not viewable u can refer to shomus biology glycolysis videos. u will get a detailed info there.
lehninger 3rd edition is also very good for the structures
Happy studying :)

1. Glycolysis

2. 1860 – Louis Pasteur 1897- Eduard Buchner History of the glycolysis

3. 1905- Arthur Harden and William Young 1940- Otto Meyerhof

4. Glycolysis is also known as Embden Meyerhof pathway What does Glycolysis mean? Glycolysis needs 2 ATPs and generates 4 ATPs

5. Cellular respiration GLYCOLYSIS (2 ATPs) KREBS CYCLE (2 ATPs) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (34 ATPs)

6. There are 3 Main parts to Glycolysis

7. The entire reaction: Glucose + 2 NAD + + 2ATPs + 4ADPs + 2 phosphate group After performing G lycolysis 2 Pyruvates +2NADHs +2ADPs +4ATPs +2phosphate group Net : 2ATPs formed 2 NADH formed 2 Pyruvates

8. First step : Hexokinase catalyzes Glucose + ATP  glucose-6-P + ADP

9. GLUT 1 and 3 are present in normal tissues GLUT 2 present in liver, pancreas and intestine GLUT 4 is found in adipose tissue

10. Sodium glucose tranport protein Uses high sodium concentration to pump glucose.

11. Attachment of phosphate Group to glucose Movement of glucose outside

12. Mg ++ interacts with negatively charged phosphate oxygen atoms, providing charge compensation & promoting a favorable conformation of ATP at the active site of the Hexokinase enzyme .

13. 2.Phosphoglucose Isomerase catalyzes glucose-6-P ( aldose )  fructose-6-P ( ketose )

14. 3. Phosphofructokinase catalyzes: fructose-6-P + ATP  fructose-1,6-bisP + ADP

15. Phosphofructo kinase Activated phosphofructokinase Unbinded ATP

16. 4. Aldolase catalyzes: fructose-1,6-bisphosphate  dihydroxyacetone -P +glyceraldehyde-3-P

17. A lysine residue at the active site functions in catalysis. The keto group of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate reacts with the amino group of the active site lysine, to form a protonated Schiff base intermediate. Cleavage of the bond between C3 & C4 follows.

18. 5. Triose Phosphate Isomerase (TIM) catalyzes: dihydroxyacetone -P  glyceraldehyde-3-P

19. 6. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase catalyzes: glyceraldehyde-3-P + NAD + + P i  1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H + First step to produce NADH

20. Shuttles : Glycerol- 3- phosphate shuttle

21. Tricarboxylate transport system

22. Malate aspartate Shuttle

23. 7. Phosphoglycerate Kinase catalyzes: 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + ADP  3-phosphoglycerate + ATP First step to produce ATP

24. 8. Phosphoglycerate Mutase catalyzes: 3-phosphoglycerate  2-phosphoglycerate

25. 9. Enolase catalyzes: 2-phosphoglycerate  phosphoenolpyruvate + H 2 O Inhibited by fluoride ion

26. 10. Pyruvate Kinase catalyzes: phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP  pyruvate + ATP

27. Pyruvate kinase activity

28. Pyruvate Acetyl coA lactate aerobic Anaerobic

29. References: Thank you http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 3rd Ed. Textbook of biochemistry by U. Satyanarayan www.wikipedia.com www.youtube.com