Goals Of Nursing Presentation. Chapter pptx

Goals of nursing

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2. Fundamentals Of Nursing Topic: “Goals Of Nursing” Presentation 2

3. Presented By Ayesha Idrees Sidra Mahad Tayyaba Presented To Ma’am Noor 3

4. After this presentation students will be able to understand: Basic Human needs Basis of nursing practice World Health Organization (WHO) Model Of conceptual framework for BSN Generic program Nursing and Nursing Practice Goals Of Nursing Process Historical perspectives of the nursing process 4

5. Basic Human Needs Basic human needs are essential elements required for human survival and well-being, including physiological necessities like food, water, and shelter, as well as psychological needs such as love, belonging, and self-esteem. These needs must be met for individuals to achieve their full potential and maintain a balanced, healthy life. 5

6. Abraham Maslow Abraham Maslow was an American psychologist best known for developing the Hierarchy of Needs, a theory of psychological health predicated on fulfilling innate human needs in priority, culminating in self-actualization. Born on April 1, 1908, and passing on June 8, 1970, Maslow's work revolutionized how we understand human motivation and personality, emphasizing the importance of focusing on positive qualities in people. 6

7. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 1 . Physiological Needs : These are the basic biological requirements for human survival. Without meeting these foundational needs, the human body cannot function properly . Examples : Food, water, air, sleep, clothing, and shelter . 2. Safety Needs : Once physiological needs are met, the need for safety and security becomes prominent. This involves both physical safety and emotional stability . Examples : Personal security, financial security, health and well-being, and protection from accidents/illness. 7

8. Continue.. 3.Love and Belonging Needs : Humans have a strong desire to belong to groups, whether it be family, friends, or other social groups. These needs drive individuals to seek acceptance and build relationships . Examples : Friendship, family, intimacy, and social connections . 4.Esteem Needs : This level involves the need for self-esteem and the respect of others. Esteem needs can be divided into internal (self-respect, achievement) and external (recognition, status ). Examples : Self-confidence, feeling of accomplishment, recognition, prestige, and respect from others . 8

9. Continue.. 5.Self-Actualization Needs : This is the highest level in Maslow’s hierarchy. It refers to the realization of personal potential, self-fulfillment, and seeking personal growth and peak experiences . Examples : Pursuing personal growth, achieving personal goals, creative activities, and realizing one’s potential. 9

10. Maslow’s Hierarchy Table 10

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12. Basis Of Nursing Practice There are four areas of nursing practice. 1. Promoting health and wellness. 2. Preventing illness. 3 . Restoring health. 4. Care of dying. 12

13. Continue.. 1. Promoting health and wellness: • Wellness is the state of well- being. It means engaging in attitude and behavior that enhance the quality of life and maximize personal potential. • Nurses promote wellness in clients who are both healthy and ill. This may involve individual and community activities to enhance healthy lifestyle, such as improving nutrition and physical fitness, preventing drugs and alcohol misuse, restricting smoking and preventing accidents and injury in the home and work place. 13

14. Continue.. 2. Preventing illness: The goal of illness prevention program is to maintain optimal health by preventing disease. Nursing activities that prevent illness include immunization, prenatal and infant care and prevention of smoking . 14

15. Continue.. 3. Restoring health: Restoring health on the ill client. Nursing activities include the following: • Providing direct care to the ill person, such as administering, medications, specific procedures and treatments . • Performing diagnostic and assessment procedures like measuring B.P. • Consulting with other health care professionals about client problems. • Teaching clients about recovery activities, like exercise. • Rehabilitating clients to their optimal functional level following physical or mental illness, injury or chemical addiction. 15

16. Continue.. 16 4. Care for dying: • This area of nursing practice involves comforting and caring for people of all ages who are dying. It includes helping clients live as comfortably as possible until death and helping support persons cope with death. For Example: Cancer patient.

17. World Health Organization 17

18. WHO 18 Definition: • The world health organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the united nations that serves as the global authority on internation public health. • Established on April 7, 1948 with it's headquarters in Genera, Switzerland, the organization operates with the overarching goal of promoting health and well- being for all people around the world.

19. Nursing Definition By “WHO” Definition Nursing encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. It includes the promotion of health, the prevention of illness, and the care of ill, disabled and dying people . Vision "The attainment by all people, the highest level of health“ Mission "To lead strategic collaborative efforts among
Member States and other partners to promote equity in health, to combat disease, and to improve the quality of, and lengthen, the lives of the all peoples of the world." 19

20. Key Functions and Mandate 1. Leadership in global health: WHO provides leadership on global health matters, shaping and international health agenda and providing guidance to members countries on health policies and strategies. 2. Monitoring and assessment: The organization monitors and assesses health trends at the global level, collecting and analyzing data to identify emerging health threats, track disease patterns and evaluate the impact of interventions. 20

21. Continue.. 3. Technical assistance and capacity building: WHO offers technical assistance to member states, supporting them in strengthening their health system, developing health care infrastructure, and implementing evidence based interventions . 4. Disease prevention and control: WHO plays crucial role in the prevention and control of both communicable and non- communicable diseases. This includes initiatives such as Vaccination campaigns , disease surveillance, and the development of guidelines for disease management. 21

22. Continue.. 5. Emergency response: • The organization is at the forefront of global health emergency response, coordinating efforts during outbreaks, natural disasters and other health crisis. • This involves developing experts, mobilizing resources and facilitating international collaboration . 6. Research and innovation : WHO supports and conduct research to advance scientific knowledge in the filed of public health. • This includes research on new treatments, vaccines and strategies for disease prevention. 22

23. Challenges and Criticisms While WHO plays a vital role in global health, it faces challenges and criticism, including issues related to funding, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and occasional controversies in its response to health emergencies. • The world health organization is a pivotal force in international public health, working tirelessly to promote health, prevent diseases and respond to health emergencies, with a commitment to ensuring that everyone, everywhere enjoys the highest possible level of health. 23

24. Model Of conceptual framework for BSN Generic program 24 1 . The first school of nursing in a university setting was established at the Minnesota in 1909 . 2 . This program was different from 3-year hospital program in curriculum and was therefore considered as superior diploma program . 3 . The same university established a baccalaureate degree in nursing in 1919 .

25. 25 Model Of conceptual framework for BSN Generic program 4.Most of the early BSN programs were of five years in length , consist of three years basic diploma program in addition to two years of liberal arts( natural science, social science , arts and humanities ). 5.Today baccalaureate nursing program are located in colleges and universities and are 4-5 years in length . The curricula offer courses in the liberal arts, sciences, humanities with nursing . 6 . Graduates must fulfill both the degree requirements of the college or university and the nursing program before being awarded baccalaureate degree . The usual degree awarded is bachelor of science in nursing (BSN ).

26. 26 Model Of conceptual framework for BSN Generic program 7.Certain colleges or universities demand completion of one year internship (nursing practice in hospital setting) for issuance of degree . 8.After the completion of degree and beginning of Job nurse reap the rewards of autonomy, responsibility, participation in institutional decision making and carrier advancement . 9 . These changes provide an incentive for nurses with diplomas and associate degree to continue their formal preparation in baccalaureate completion (transition, Post RN.) program.

27. Nursing & Nursing Practice Definition of Nursing: Nursing integrates the art and science of caring, focusing on health promotion, illness prevention, and optimal human functioning . Nursing is a profession that encompasses the care of individuals, families, and communities in various settings. The scope of nursing practice includes : Autonomous and collaborative care Health promotion, illness prevention, and disease management Advocacy for patients and families Education and research 27

28. Continue.. There are different forms of nursing practice, including : Hospital-based nursing Community health nursing Mental health nursing Pediatric nursing Geriatric nursing 28

29. Hospital-based nursing: This is the most common form of nursing practice. Nurses work in various hospital units like the ICU, operating rooms, and pediatric units. Community health nursing: This form of nursing practice involves working with communities and populations to promote health and wellness. Mental health nursing: This form of nursing practice involves working with patients who have emotional and stress-related concerns. 29 Continue..

30. Pediatric nursing: This form of nursing practice involves caring for infants, children, and adolescents. Geriatric nursing: This form of nursing practice involves caring for older adults and the elderly. Maternal-child nursing: This form of nursing practice involves caring for women, especially those who are childbearing or childrearing. 30 Continue..

31. Nursing process The nursing process is a systematic approach to patient care that includes : Assessment Diagnosis Planning/Outcomes Implementation Evaluation It is shortly called “ADPIE” 31

32. The nursing process is a systematic approach to delivering nursing care. It is a framework that guides nurses in planning, organizing, and delivering individualized care to patients. The nursing process consists of five stages : 1. Assessment : Collecting data about the patient's health status, including physical, psychological, social, and cultural aspects . 2 . Diagnosis: Identifying the patient's health problems or needs, based on the assessment data . 32 Continue..

33. 3 . Planning: Setting goals and developing a plan of care to address the patient's health problems or needs . 4. Implementation: Putting the plan of care into action, including administering treatments, medications, and other interventions . 5. Evaluation: Monitoring the patient's progress and outcomes, and revising the plan of care as needed. 33 Continue..

34. The Nursing Process 34

35. Goals Of Nursing The goals of nursing are multifaceted and encompass a range of objectives aimed at promoting and maintaining the health and well-being of individuals, families, and communities. These goals include : Promoting Health : Nurses strive to educate individuals and communities about healthy lifestyles, disease prevention, and health promotion activities to enhance overall well-being. Preventing Illness : Nurses work to identify and mitigate risk factors for illness and injury through preventive measures such as immunizations, screenings, and health assessments. 35

36. Continue.. Providing Care : Nurses deliver compassionate and culturally sensitive care to individuals across the lifespan, addressing their physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs . Restoring Health : Nurses collaborate with other healthcare professionals to develop and implement care plans that facilitate the recovery and rehabilitation of individuals experiencing illness or injury. 36

37. Supporting Coping Mechanisms : Nurses provide emotional support and guidance to individuals and families facing health challenges, helping them develop coping strategies and resilience. Advocating for Patients : Nurses serve as advocates for their patients, ensuring that their rights are respected, their voices are heard, and their needs are met within the healthcare system . 37 Continue..

38. Educating Patients and Families : Nurses empower individuals and families with the knowledge and skills necessary to manage their health conditions, make informed decisions, and navigate the healthcare system effectively . Collaborating in Interdisciplinary Teams : Nurses collaborate with other healthcare professionals to coordinate and integrate care, optimize patient outcomes, and promote a holistic approach to healthcare delivery. 38 Continue..

39. Promoting Safety : Nurses play a critical role in ensuring patient safety by identifying and mitigating risks, promoting infection control practices, and advocating for a safe healthcare environment . Advancing Nursing Practice : Nurses engage in continuous learning, professional development, and evidence-based practice to enhance the quality of care they provide and contribute to advancements in the nursing profession. 39 Continue..

40. Historical Perspective of the Nursing Process The nursing process is a systematic method for assessing health status, diagnosing health care needs, formulating a plan of care, initiating the plan, and evaluating the effectiveness of the plan . Key Contributors and Developments Lydia Hall (1955): -Introduced the term "nursing process" -Initial components included: Observation Administration of care Validation 40

41. Early Models (1955-1963 ) Dorothy Johnson (1955): Developed a three step model for nursing education and practice . Ida Orlando (1961): Expanded on Johnson’s model, emphasizing the importance of nurse-patient interaction . Ernestine Wiedenbach (1963): Further refined the three-step model, focusing on the patient's experience and nurse's role. 41 Continue..

42. Expansion and Refinement Lois Knowles' Five Ds Model (1967): Introduced nursing process as : Discover : Collect data and assess the situation . Delve : Further investigate and analyze the collected data . Decide : Select a plan of action based on the assessment . Do : Implement the chosen plan of action . Discriminate : Establish health care priorities and evaluate the outcomes. 42 Continue..

43. Standardization American Nurses Association (ANA)Standards (1973): Published the Standards of Nursing Practice. Described a five-step nursing process, formalizing it into : ●Assessment ●Diagnosis ●Planning ●Implementation ● Evaluation 43 Continue..