Godavari River

GODAVARI RIVER

1. Welcome

2. RIVER GODAVARI

3. The Godavari is India’s second longest river after the  Ganga Dakshina Ganga (Ganga of South India) – River Godavari Godavari “ Dakshin Ganga ” flows over seven states in India These states include Maharashtra (48.6%),   Telangana  (18.8 %), Andhra Pradesh  (4.5 %) Chhattisgarh (10.9 %), Madhya Pradesh (10%), Odisha  (5.7%), and Karnataka  (1.4%) Godavari

4. PLACE WHERE GODAVARI STARTS The river Godavari, originates its journey from the hills of Brahmagiri of the Western Ghats at Triambakeshwar , in the district of Nasik in Maharashtra.

5. Godavari originates 80km from the Arabian sea in the western Ghats of central India near Nasik in Maharashtra . It flows for 1465km ,First eastwards across thee deccan pleateau then turns south east entering the west godavari district & East godavari district of A.P,Untill it splits into two watercourses th at widen into a large river d el ta and flow into the Bay of Bengal.

6. Physical characteristics Source Location : B ramhagiri mountain, Tryambakeshwar , Nashik Elevation : 920 m Mouth Location : A ntarvedi into Bay of Bengal, East Godavari, AP Basin size : 3,12,812 km 2 Discharge Average Discharge : 3,505 m 3 /s Minimum discharge: 7 m 3 /s Maximum discharge : 34,606 m 3 /s

7.   The Godavari River has a coverage area of 312,812   km 2 , which is nearly one-tenth of the area of India In terms of length, catchment area and discharge, the Godavari river is the largest in peninsular India, and had been dubbed as the  Vridha Ganga    The river delta supports 729 persons/km 2  – nearly twice the density average for the nation C ategorized as having substantial to greater risk of flooding with rising sea levels . The river has highest flood flows in India and experienced recorded flood of 3.6 million  cusecs in the year 1986 and annual flood of 1.0 million cusecs is normal.

8. Drainage Area State Statewise Drainage Area (Km 2 ) Maharashtra 152,199 Andhra Pradesh 73,201 Madhya Pradesh 31,821 Chhattisgarh 33,434 Odisha 17,752 Karnataka 4,406 Total Drainage Area of Godavari Basin (Km 2 ) 312,813

9. Godavari enters into Telangana in Nizamabad district at Kandakurthy where Manjira , Haridra rivers joins Godavari and forms Triveni Sangamam In Telangana state it flows through the districts of Adilabad , Karimnagar , Warangal, Khamman and in A.P. East Godavari and West Godavari . Within the state of  Andhra Pradesh , it flows through hilly terrain of the  Eastern Ghats  known as the  Papi hills   Before crossing the Papi hills, it receives its last major tributary  Sabari River  on its left bank

10. At  Rajamahendravaram , the Godavari splits into two branches which are called Vriddha Gautami ( Gautami Godavari) and Vasishta Godavari. Again the Gautami branch splits into two branches namely Gautami and Nilarevu . Similarly, the Vasishta splits into two branches named Vasishta and Vainateya . These four branches which join the Bay of Bengal at different places, are forming a delta of length 170  km along the coast of the Bay of Bengal and is called the  Konaseema region . This delta along with the delta of the Krishna River is called the  Rice Granary  of South India .

11. Tributaries L eft bank tributaries include Purna , Pranhitha , I ndravati , S abari covering nearly 59.7% of the total catchment area of the basin R ight bank tributaries  Pravara ,  Manjira ,  Manair  together contributing 16.1% of the basin . Pranhita  is the largest tributary covering about 34% of its drainage basin Manjira  is the longest tributary and holds the  Nizam Sagar  reservoir . Purna  is a prime river in the water scarce  Marathwada  region of Maharashtra.

12. M ajor Tributaries of Godavari River Tributary Bank Confluence Location Confluence Elevation Length Sub-basin area Pravara Right Pravara Sangam ,   Ahmednagar ,  Maharashtra 463 m (1,519 ft) 208 km (129 mi) 6,537 km 2 (2,524 sq mi) Purna Left Jambulbet ,  Parbhani , Maharashtra 358 m (1,175  ft ) 373 km (232 mi) 15,579 km 2 (6,015 sq mi) Manjira Right Kandakurthi , Nizamabad , Telangana 332 m (1,089 ft) 724 km (450 mi) 30,844 km 2 (11,909  sq  mi) Manair Right Arenda, Karimnagar ,  Telangana 115 m (377 ft) 225 km (140 mi) 13,106 km 2 (5,060  sq  mi) Pranhita Left Kaleshwaram ,   Karimnagar ,  Telangana 99 m (325 ft) 113 km (70 mi) 109,078 km 2 (42,115 sq mi) Indravati Left Somnoor Sangam ,   Gadchiroli ,  Maharashtra 82 m (269 ft) 535 km (332 mi) 41,655 km 2 (16,083 sq mi) Sabari Left Kunawaram ,  East Godavari ,  Andhra Pradesh 25 m (82  ft ) 418 km (260 mi) 20,427 km 2 (7,887  sq  mi)

13. Godavari River Basin Irrigation Projects The main Godavari River up to the confluence with Pranhita tributary is dammed fully to utilize the available water for irrigation. However , its main tributaries Pranhita , Indravati and Sabari which join in the lower reaches of the basin, carry three times more water compared to main Godavari . In 2015, the water surplus Godavari River is linked to the water deficit Krishna River by commissioning the  Polavaram right bank canal with the help of Pattiseema lift scheme to augment water availability to the  Prakasam Barrage located in Andhra Pradesh. More dams are constructed in the Godavari River basin than in any other river basin of India

14. Gangapur Dam The first dam built on the river Godavari is at Gangapur Due to silt deposition in the reservoir area, the storage capacity of the dam has gradually reduced. The right side canal running towards Nashik is also closed due to the high civilization in the area. For these two reasons, an upstream dam,  Kashyapi Dam, is constructed which opened in 1998. Type of dam Earthfill Impounds Godavari river Height 36.59 m (120.0 ft) Length 3,902 m (12,802  ft ) Dam volume 4,612 km 3  (1,106 cu mi) Total capacity 0.203880 km 3 (0.048913 cu mi) Surface area 22,860 km 2  (8,830  sq  mi Official name Gangapur Dam D01034 Location Nasik Opening date 1965 Owner(s) Government of Maharashtra ,  India

15. Jayakwadi Dam M ain purpose is to irrigate land for agriculture in the drought prone Marathwada region of Maharashtra state I rrigates cultivable area of 2,37,452 hectares in the districts of Aurangabad, Jalna , Beed , Ahmednagar and Parbhani through its left and right canals. The length of left bank canal is 208 km & the length of right bank canal is 132 km Official name Jayakwadi -I D02995 Location Jayakwadi ,  Maharashtra Construction began 1965, Lal Bahadur Shastri Opening date 1976, Indira Gandhi Construction cost 4,700 cr   Dam and spillways Type of dam Earthen dam Impounds Godavari River Height 41.30 m (135 ft) Length Gates 9,998 m (32,802  ft ) 27 Reservoir Creates Nath Sagar Jalashay ) Total capacity 2.909 km 3 (1.027×10 11  cu  ft ) Catchment area 21,750 km 2 (8,398 sq mi) Surface area 350 km 2  (135 sq mi) Power Station Installed capacity 12  MW

16. Sriram Sagar Project( Pochampadu Project) The foundation was laid on 26 July 1963 by the late Jawaharlal Nehru, first Prime Minister of India 42 floodgates Most of the catchment area upstream of this dam is located in  Maharashtra In the catchment area  of this dam, Maharashtra has constructed many medium and minor irrigation projects  in excess of its water use entitlements under Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal  ( GWDT ). In last nine years, the dependable water availability has reduced to 33% (i.e. adequate water is available once in three years) against the designed dependability of 75% under GWDT. Location : Nizamabad , Telangana , Construction began : 1963 Opening date : 1977 Dam and spillways Impounds : Godavari River Height : 43 metres (141 ft ) from river level Length : 15,600 metres (51,181 ft ) Reservoir Total capacity : 3,172,000,000 m3 Active capacity : 2,322,000,000 m3 Surface area : 451 km2 (174 sq mi)

17. Babli project The  Babhali project / barrage  is a controversial reservoir project being constructed by  Maharashtra across the river Godavari, disputed by  Telangana The Supreme Court delivered a ruling after seven years in favour of Maharashtra with the Andhra Pradesh government expected to appeal against it . The dispute arises from the fact that S.B. Chavan and   Jalagam Vengal Rao reached an agreement in October 1975, which was later made part of the Godavari Water Disputes Tribunal (GWDT ) As per the terms of the pact, Maharashtra could utilise 60 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet) of Godavari water while Andhra Pradesh could go ahead with building the  Sriram Sagar  Project (SRSP) and utilise the rest of the water.

18. Andhra Pradesh contended that Maharashtra has used up its quota in course of time by building four projects. Yet, in an action without precedent, Maharashtra began construction of the Babli project on the foreshores of SRSP and 13 other small projects upstream. Eighteen lakh acres under the SRSP ayacut in the  Telangana  region will become barren if Maharashtra is allowed to have its way The Supreme Court ruled  in favour of Maharashtra, with safeguards contained in the judgment included the stipulation to open Babli gates during the monsoon period (July to October ) to allow inflows to SRSP. The Union Cabinet on 17 October 2013 gave its approval for Constitution of the 3-Members Supervisory Committee on the Babhali Barrage to implement the directions of the Supreme Court.

19. ( DOWLESWAR AM BARRAGE) SIR ARTHUR THOMAS COTTON BARRAGE

20. Dowleswaram Barrage The  Dowleswaram Barrage  i s an irrigation structure built on the lower stretch of the Godavari River before it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The famous Doleswaram barrage was commissioned on 14 th april 1852 has recently completed 167 years of service . It was rebuilt in 1970 when it was officially renamed the  Sir Arthur Cotton Barrage / Godavari Barrage The project has a capacity to irrigate 16,90,000 acres of land under its three delta systems in east and west godavari districts. In the first quarter of 1800 the agricultural lands were affetced due to floods and devastation, which was solved by construction of this barrage .

21. Cropping pattern : Paddy, Sugarcane, Banana, Chillies and Turmeric. ( Kharif and Rabi ) Population benefited : 36 Mandalas in East Godavari District and 29 Mandalas in West Godavari District.

22. Pattiseema

23. Polavaram project: Under construction multi-purpose national project Under national river linking project, surplus water of Godavari River Basin will be transferred to the Krishna River basin Located 40km upstream to Cotton barrage in rajamahendravaram Its reservoir back water spreads upto dummugudem anicut i.e approx. 150km back from polavaram spillway on main river side and approx. 115km in sabari river side Thus backwater spreads into states of Chhattisgarh and Odisha states Capacity : 194 tmc Power station : 960 MW

24. Kaleshwaram lift irrigation project: At the junction of the rivers Godavari and its tributary Pranahitha Designed with many unique features such as longest tunnel to carry water in Asia, utilize the highest capacity pumps The Kaleshwaram project intends to irrigate 18 lakh acres in 13 districts and stabilise another 17 lakh acres in another seven districts of Telangana . The government will also utilise this project to provide drinking water to towns and cities, including Hyderabad and Secunderabad , while also providing water for industrial use Aims to utilize a total of 240TMC To harness water, the government will construct a barrage at Medigadda , in the Jayashankar Bhupalpally district at the confluence of the three rivers across the Godavari. From here, the water will be reverse-pumped into the main Godavari river, and diverted into a huge and complex system of reservoirs, water tunnels, pipelines, and canals

25. Hydro power stations The Godavari River is one of the rivers whose water energy is least harnessed for generating hydro electricity . The 600 MW capacity Upper Indravati hydro power station  is the biggest hydro power station which diverts Godavari River water to the Mahanadi River  basin. Hydroelectric power stations on Godavari river Name of the project Rated Power (in  MW ) Upper Indravati 600 Machkund 120 Balimela 510 Upper Sileru 240 Lower Sileru 460 Upper Kolab 320 Pench 160 Ghatghar pumped storage 250 Polavaram   (under construction) 960

26. Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh grow crops like sugar cane, paddy, cotton, tobacco, chilly and fruit orchards using the Godavari waters.

27. Godavari water disputes tribunal Headed by justice bachawat was constituted by GoI in april , 1969 for adjudication of interstate water disputes regarding Godavari river While the adjudication proceedings were going on, several agreements between the party states were reached during the year 1975 Tribunal gave its award(series of agreements among party states) in july,1980

28. Godavari river management board Central government constituted GRMB on 28 th may,2014 under A.P state reorganaisaton act,2014 for administration , regulation, maintenance and operation of projects on Godavari river Regulates supply of water, power generated from projects to successor states Making an appraisal of any proposal for construction of new projects and giving technical clearance

29. Godavari bridges Old Godavari Bridge   / Havelock Bridge Commissioned in 1900, the bridge served trains plying between  Howrah  and  Madras Having served its full life span of 100 years, it was decommissioned in 1997, and  Godavari Arch Bridge  was built as a replacement for the bridge. Today , the bridge is being used to host civic water supply pipelines. Constructed by : Hindustan Construction Company Construction start : 1991 Construction end : 1997 Opened : March 12, 1997 Replaces : Havelock Bridge Carries : Single Railway lane Other name : Rajahmundry- Kovvur Bridge Owner : Indian Railways Maintained by : Indian Railways Preceded by : Godavari Bridge Godavari Arch Bridge

30. Godavari Bridge/Road cum rail bridge  India's third longest road-cum-rail bridge   Kovvur –Rajahmundry Bridge  4.1 kilometers (2.8 km Rail part & 4.1 km Road part ) long bridge has a road deck over the single track rail deck Carries : Four lanes of Road Official name : Rajahmundry– Kovvur 4th Bridge Total length : 4.13 kilometres (2.57 mi) Opened : 2015 Godavari Fourth Bridge

31. Water transport The river Godavari is not only providing livelihood to the fishermen but it also is a tourist spot for travellers . Many take pleasure riding on ferries from Rajamhundry to Bhadrachalam between the Papikondalu hills. Our state tourism department is operating the launches for tourists. Godavari River between Papi Kondalu

32. Religious places TRIAMBAKESHWAR SRI KALESWARA MUKHTESWARA SWAMY TEMPLE ANTARVEDI Gnana Saraswati Temple, Basar   Bhadrachalam

33. Pushkaralu Once in every 12 years, Pushkar mela is organised on the bank of the river Godavari. It lasts for 12 days. It is considered to be auspicious to take a dip in Godavari water during that time . The land along the Godavari is the centre for spirituality and culture. Kumbha Mela is celebrated at Nasik.

34. Industries Many industries depend on the waters of the Godavari. We are able to produce 2,600 megawatts of electricity through the Thermal Power station at Ramagudam . Paper mills are located at Bhadrachalam , Thermal power station is located at Kothagudem and natural gas power centre is at Vijjeshwaram . Nanded and Aurangabad have also developed industrially. The NTPC power plant at Ramagundam Paper mill at B h ad r a c halam Kothagudem Thermal power station Vijjeswaram Gas Thermal Power Station Kovvur Textile Industry in Nanded

35. Pollution W astes from the industries and the power stations are released into the river. This is causing damage to the water and to the living organisms and polluting the river water . The sewage water from villages and cities on the banks of the river Godavari is discharged into the river. This results in the pollution of the river and the water becomes unsuitable for drinking . The people who visit the rivers also cause the water pollution by throwing plastic bottles and covers in to the river . This leads to the excess growth of the water plant called Eichornia which reduces the dissolved oxygen leading to the death of the water organisms, animals and plants.

36. Thank you B.SAI PRAHARSHA BAM-18-07