Gonades

Dr. Waqas Nawaz
PMAS arid agriculture university rawalpindi

1. GONADS COMPARATIVE ANATOMY HORSE ,OX ,DOG Waqas Nawaz 11-arid-975

2. INTODUCTION T he male gonads or testes are the primery organs of reproduction .T he gonads of male and female fulfill two essential functions (i) gametogenesis ( ii)steroidogenesis

3. t he sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules and in ovaries follicles are produced. Only one egg is raleas from ovaries at a time These copatments provide a micro-environment for meiosis and normal Gameto genesis Testicular functions are related with gonadotropins which are secreted and released from the adenohypoglosal cells in a pulsative fashion……….

4. Horse bull Dog Position of sacrotum Tests are situated in inguinal region enclosed in srotum the diverticulum of abdomen Sacrotum is situated some what further forward than in horse Sacrotum is situated about half way between the inginal region and the anus s hape Globuler in form commonaly asymmetrical since one testicle often left is the larger It is avoid backward is long and pendulous well marked when contracted in cold condition the tests are thiker and wrinkled shape and in heat or fatigue they relaxed become smooth and pendoules with a constriction or neck superiorly Small rounded oval form

5. s kin Skin is elastic usually which is the elastic dark or black but in some breeds it is less pigmented coverd with short hair Skin is usually flesh colouerd The skin covering is pigmented and is coverd spasely with fine hair Rudimentary teats absent two absent Elongated oval outline Not present Present long vertical axis attached posterior Long axis is oblique and is directed upward and backward Layers present It consisted of layers which crosspond with those of abdominal wall Present

6. Weight (250-300 grams) (300 grams) (250 ) e pididymis Has three parts its anterior enlarge end termed as head(caput epididymis) & its posterior slightly enlarged and it is tail(cauda epididymis) intermediate is body.Body is less attached by the serous covering.which is formed laterally pocket sinus epididymis. Closely attached to the testicle along the posterior border of the lateral head.head is liong & curves over.Also have three parts Larger

7. The mediastinum testis absent Present Madiastinum testies is an axial strand of connective tissues. Thickness about 5mm Present Spermetic vein present Present Present Pmpiniform plexus Present Present Present External pudic artery& external pudic vein Present Present Present

8. Tunica vaginalis propria & tunica albuginia Forms termed Wilson’s muscles formly called accelerator urinae Much more longer than in horse Long they cross the side of penis very obliquely Vaginal ring Larger Very small & 4 inches Present Ductus defference & vessiculae seminasles present Narrow ampulae present Medial & lateral surface Convex & smooth former is somewhat flattened by contect with sacrotum sacrote

9. Free border Margo liber ventral & convex Concave Convex Margo epididymis Is some by which the gland is suspended dorsally in sacrotum-straight same Same Anterior & posterior extremities Extremitas capitata & caudalis rounded Same Same Appendix testic Present Present Present

10. ovaries mare cow bitch shape The ovaries of mare are bean shaped and smaller than testicles Much smaller than those of mare Small elongated oval in outline and flattened size Their size varies much in different subjects and they are normally larger in young than in old animal…one very is larger than other..they are about length 3 inches(7-8cm ) larger and Width an inch to an inch & a half(3-4cm ) Length They measure usually about one & a half inches(3.5-4cm ) Width An inch(ca 2.5cm) A little move that half an inch (1.5cm ) thick in their largest part Length The average length is a little less than an inch (2cm )

11. Attached to the sublumber region by the anterior part of the broad ligament of the uterus..this part o the ligament mesovarium is about 3- 4 inches They are oval in form pointed at uterine end and have no ovulation fossa they are situated usually near to the middle of the lateral margin of the pelvic inlet in the front of the external iliac artery in the non pregnant subject they are thus about 16-18 inches (ca 40-45cm) medium sized They are connected with the posterior pole of the crossponding kidney & thus opposite to the 3 rd of 4 th lumber vertebra or about half way b/ w the last rib & crest of illium the right part of the deudinum & the lateral abdominal wall left one is related laterally to the spleen.

12. Peritoneum covering Present The greater part of the surface of the ovary has a covering of peritoneum The greater part of the surface of the gland is covered with germinal epithelium the peritoneal epithelium being limited to a narrow size present Free border margo-liber Marked by a notch which is leads into a narrow depression ovulation fossa Present Present

13. Tuber or anterior extremity Rounder Oval to rounder rounder Posterior extremity Rounder Spherical Rounder stroma Present Network of connective tisssues Present present Carpus leutea Do not project from the surface of the ovary Project from the surface of the ovary Project from the surface of the ovary

14. Thank you!