Gonorrhea converted

ophthalmic manifestations

1. Gonorrhea ( P I D ) Dr. VINIT KUMAR SCEH,LAHAN

2. male & female reproductive system

3. O u t l i n e Introduction Risk factors Symptoms & signs Diagnosis Treatment Follow up

4. Gonorrhea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI). A person can transmit it during any kind of sexual contact . With an early diagnosis, effective treatment is usually available. However, without treatment, gonorrhea can result in long-term complications.

5. Gonorrhea is usually easy to treat, but delaying treatment can result in serious, and sometimes permanent, complications. PID / pelvic inflammatory disease occurs in females when the gonorrhea infection affects the uterus or fallopian tubes, and this can lead to infertility . Possible complications in males with gonorrhea include epididymitis, which is inflammation of the tube that carries sperm. This problem, too, can result in infertility.

6. Many people with gonorrhea do not notice any symptoms. Those who do experience symptoms may have a burning sensation during urination. Males may also notice : a white, green, or yellow discharge from the penis pain or swelling in the testicles inflammation or swelling of the foreskin

7. Rectal symptoms may also occur if a person has anal sex. These may include: discharge itching around the anus soreness bleeding pain during bowel movements If gonorrhea results from oral sex , the person may have a throat infection , but they might not notice any symptoms. If infected semen or vaginal fluid enters the eye, the person may develop conjunctivitis .

8. Gonorrhea can also affect these parts of the body: Rectum. Signs and symptoms include anal itching, pus-like discharge from the rectum, spots of bright red blood on toilet tissue and having to strain during bowel movements. Eyes . Gonorrhea that affects your eyes can cause eye pain, sensitivity to light, and pus-like discharge from one or both eyes. Throat. Signs and symptoms of a throat infection might include a sore throat and swollen lymph nodes in the neck. Joints. If one or more joints become infected by bacteria (septic arthritis), the affected joints might be warm, red, swollen and extremely painful, especially during movement.

9. Causes Gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae . The gonorrhea bacteria are most often passed from one person to another during sexual contact, including oral, anal or vaginal intercourse.

10. Risk factors Sexually active women younger than 25 and men who have sex with men are at increased risk of getting gonorrhea. Other factors that can increase your risk include : Having a new sex partner Having a sex partner who has other partners Having more than one sex partner Having had gonorrhea or another sexually transmitted infection

11. complications Infertility in women. Gonorrhea can spread into the uterus and fallopian tubes, causing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). PID can result in scarring of the tubes, greater risk of pregnancy complications and infertility. .

12. Complications 2 . Infertility in men. Gonorrhea can cause a small, coiled tube in the rear portion of the testicles where the sperm ducts are located (epididymis) to become inflamed (epididymitis). Untreated epididymitis can lead to infertility.

13. 3. Infection that spreads to the joints and other areas of your body. The bacterium that causes gonorrhea can spread through the bloodstream and infect other parts of your body, including your joints. Fever, rash, skin sores, joint pain, swelling and stiffness are possible complications .

14. 4. Increased risk of HIV/AIDS. Having gonorrhea makes you more susceptible to infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus that leads to AIDS . People who have both gonorrhea and HIV are able to pass both diseases more readily to their partners .

15. 5 . Complications in babies. Babies who contract gonorrhea from their mothers during birth can develop blindness, sores on the scalp and infections

16. Prevention To reduce your gonorrhea risk : Use a condom if you have sex . Limit your number of sex partners Be sure you and your partner are tested for sexually transmitted infections Don't have sex with someone who appears to have a sexually transmitted infection Consider regular gonorrhea screening. Annual screening is recommended for sexually active women younger than 25 and for older women at increased risk of infection. This includes women who have a new sex partner, more than one sex partner, a sex partner with other partners, or a sex partner who has a sexually transmitted infection.

17. Introduction It is bacterial infection caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes urogenital, anorectal, conjunctival, and pharyngeal infections. Urogenital tract infections are most common. It is second most frequently reported bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) after Chlamydia trachomatis. Coinfection with C. trachomatis is common.

18. S c r e e n i n g Routine screening for gonorrhea and other curable STIs should be performed at least annually in sexually active patients with HIV infection. Screening for urethral infections should be performed with urine nucleic acid amplification testing, whereas rectal or pharyngeal screening should be performed with nucleic acid amplification swab.

19. S c r e e n i n g Screening every three to six months also is recommended for men who have sex with men if they have multiple because they are at highest risk of contracting STIs. Uninfected pregnant women who remain at high risk should be tested during the third trimester .

20. Infection in women More than 95% of women with gonorrhea have no symptoms. If symptoms occur, they are usually mild, and may mimic acute cystitis or vaginitis. The most common manifestation is cervicitis , which usually occurs 5-10 day after exposure. 10-20% of women with cervical gonorrhea also have a pharyngeal infection.

21. Infection in women Untreated gonorrhea causes 10 – 20% of PID cases, and 15 percent of women with PID develop infertility from tubal scarring. CDC recommends that symptomatic women be examined for PID by palpating for cervical or adnexal tenderness, and tested for gonorrhea, chlamydia, bacterial vaginosis, and trichomoniasis with o endocervical swabs for light microscopy o and nucleic acid amplification testing.

22. Infection in men Men with gonorrhea usually are symptomatic , but asymptomatic urethral infections may occur in at least 10 % of cases. Symptoms typically appear 2-5 days after infection , but may take as long as 30 days to appear. Common signs and symptoms include dysuria and purulent penile discharge. Unilateral epididymitis without discharge also may be present.

23. Infection in men Chlamydia causes 15-40 % of non-gonococcal urethritis cases in men. 1-2 % of men who have non-gonococcal urethritis develop sexually acquired reactive arthritis.

24. Infections in Infants It can occur in neonates from exposure to infected cervical secretions during delivery. neonatal conjunctivitis (Treatment is important to prevent globe perforation and blindness) Arthritis pharyngitis, rhinitis rarely pneumonia vaginitis, urethritis localized scalp infections or abscesses Sepsis and Meningitis

25. Laboratory diagnoses Gram stain of a urethral smear or cervical swab showing gram- negative intracellular diplococci. Urine nucleic acid amplification testing in women and men (and urine polymerase chain reaction testing in men) has comparable sensitivity and specificity to cervical and urethral samples.

26. Treatment Patients’ sex partners within 60 days before symptom onset should also be treated. Fluoroquinolones are not recommended in the United States for treatment of gonorrhea or associated conditions because of the emergence of quinolone-resistant N. gonorrhoeae

27. Follow up Retesting men and women is recommended three to six months after treatment, regardless of partner treatment, because of high rates of reinfection within six months of therapy Pregnant women with first-trimester gonococcal infection should be retested within three to six months, in addition to routine test of cure, preferably in the third trimester. Uninfected pregnant women who remain at high risk should be retested during the third trimester.

28. All patients who test positive for gonorrhea should be tested for other STIs, including chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV.

29. TH A NX T H A NX