Grade 11- Pol sci- Freedom........................

Grade 11- Pol sci- Freedom

1. FREEDOM

2. Meaning and Importance of Freedom Freedom means being able to control one’s own life and make independent choices. It allows individuals and societies to express themselves and develop fully. Both individuals and nations value freedom for dignity, creativity, and progress.

3. The Ideal of Freedom Examples: Nelson Mandela – struggled against apartheid in South Africa; symbol of freedom from racial domination. Aung San Suu Kyi – fought for democracy in Myanmar; defined freedom as freedom from fear . Freedom involves both personal liberty and collective independence.

4. What is Freedom? Negative meaning : Absence of external constraints. Positive meaning : Presence of conditions that help individuals grow and realize potential. Freedom is meaningful when society allows creativity, dignity, and equality.

5. Indian Concept – Swaraj Means “self-rule” and “rule over self” . Highlighted by Tilak (“Swaraj is my birthright…”) and Gandhi (“It is Swaraj when we learn to rule ourselves”). Involves self-discipline, justice, and liberation from dehumanizing systems.

6. Need for Constraints Absolute freedom can lead to chaos and conflict. Some social and legal constraints are necessary to maintain order and protect others’ rights. The key question: Which constraints are necessary and justifiable ?

7. Negative and Positive Liberty Negative Liberty : Freedom from interference. Protects a minimum area where one can act freely. Positive Liberty : Freedom to grow, participate, and achieve self-realization. Requires enabling social, political, and economic conditions (e.g., education, equality).

8. Freedom of Expression A core aspect of freedom and democracy. J.S. Mill gave four reasons for defending it: No idea is completely false. Truth emerges from the clash of opinions. Continuous debate keeps truth alive. Today’s false ideas may be tomorrow’s truths. Banning or censorship should be avoided except for serious harm (e.g., hate speech).

9. Responsibility and Freedom Freedom comes with responsibility for one’s actions. Requires education, reasoning, and respect for others’ rights. The state and society must balance individual liberty with collective welfare .