Grade 11- Topic 2- Postion and Motion .pptx

Position and motion

1. Ziyad Hamdan

2. Topic 2: Position and Motion Ziyad Hamdan

3. Differentiate between vector and scalar quantities with examples. Represent changes in position through motion diagrams and particle model. Define a coordinate system and identify the origin, position and distance in a coordinate system Represent the displacement of an object between two points as and the time interval as   Lesson Objectives: Ziyad Hamdan

4. Scalars and Vectors In physics, quantities could be classified into two groups: 1- Scalar quantities. 2- Vector quantities. Scalar quantities are quantities that could be described by magnitude (value and unit) only. Examples: time , distance, speed, work and pressure Vector quantities are quantities that could be described by magnitude (value and unit) and direction. Examples: force, position , displacement, velocity and acceleration Ziyad Hamdan

5. Scalars and Vectors Example : Classify the following quantities into vector and scalar quantities. Scalar quantities time , distance, speed, work and pressure Vector quantities time , force, position, distance, displacement, speed, velocity , work, pressure, acceleration. Answer : force, position , displacement, velocity and acceleration Ziyad Hamdan

6. Differentiate between vector and scalar quantities with examples. Define a coordinate system and identify the origin, position and distance in a coordinate system Represent changes in position through motion diagrams and particle model Represent the displacement of an object between two points as and the time interval as   Lesson Objectives: Ziyad Hamdan

7. A coordinate system tells you the location of the zero point of the variable you are studying and the direction in which the values of the variable increase. The origin is the point at which both variables have the value zero . SECTION 2.2 Where and When? Coordinate Systems Origin (0,0)

8. Position Position of an object is how far from the origin the object is with direction . Position is a vector quantity because it has a magnitude and a direction. With respect to the coordinate system, If the object is to the right of or above the origin then its position is positive. If the object is to the left of or below the origin then its position is negative. The symbol used for position is ( x ). The SI unit for position is meter (m) Ziyad Hamdan

9. In the below example, the origin , represented by the zero end of the measuring tape. Where and When? Position

10. You can indicate the position of the runner in motion diagram by drawing an arrow from the origin to the point representing the object , as shown in the figure. The two arrows locate the runner’s position at two different times. Where and When? Position

11. The length of the position arrow from the origin indicates its distance from the origin, in case of straight line motion,. Where and When? Position

12. A position, 5 m left of the origin, would be a negative position, as shown in the figure below. Where and When? Position

13. Position Activity: Answer: x = +4 m or 4 m to the right or east Determine the position of object A in each of the following cases: 1- A m Answer: x = -3 m or 3 m to the left or west 2- A m x x Answer: x = 0 3- A m Ziyad Hamdan

14. Position Example: Determine the position of object A in each of the following cases: A m x A m x A m Answer: x = +5 m or 5 m up or to the north Answer: x = -4 m or 4 m to the south or down Answer: x = 0 Ziyad Hamdan

15. Differentiate between vector and scalar quantities with examples. Define a coordinate system and identify the origin, position and distance in a coordinate system Represent changes in position through motion diagrams and particle model Represent the displacement of an object between two points as and the time interval as   Lesson Objectives: Ziyad Hamdan

16. What is motion? Motion of an object is the change in the position of the object with respect to a fixed point . 1- position (place) of the object. Usually the origin (0,0) in a coordinate system is used as the fixed point. The coordinate system with the origin as the fixed point is called reference point (Frame of reference) . To describe the motion of an object we need at least two factors: 2- time. Ziyad Hamdan

17. Motion Diagram is a series of images showing the positions of a moving object at equal time intervals. In a particle model , you replace the object or objects of interest with single points. What is motion Diagram? Ziyad Hamdan

18. Differentiate between vector and scalar quantities with examples. Define a coordinate system and identify the origin, position and distance in a coordinate system Represent changes in position through motion diagrams and particle model Represent the displacement of an object between two points as and the time interval as   Lesson Objectives: Ziyad Hamdan

19. Distance and displacement When an object changes its position with respect to origin (moves), its motion is described by one of two quantities: 1- Distance 1- Displacement Distance is the length of the entire path travelled by an object. Distance is a scalar quantity, it is described only by magnitude. The SI unit of distance is meter (m). The distance travelled by an object depends on the path of the travel. Ziyad Hamdan

20. Distance Example: Answer: Distance = 3 m An object travels from point A to point B as shown in the below diagram. How much distance was travelled by the object A m B Example: Answer: Distance = 5 m An object travels from point A to point B as shown in the below diagram. How much distance was travelled by the object A m B Ziyad Hamdan

21. Distance Example: Answer: Distance = 5 + 3 = 8 m An object travels from point A to point B then to point C as shown in the below diagram. How much distance was travelled by the object A m C B Example: Answer: Distance = 2 + 7 = 9 m An object travels from point A to point B then to point C as shown in the below diagram. How much distance was travelled by the object C m B A Ziyad Hamdan

22. Distance Example: Answer: Distance = 3 + 3 = 6 m An object travels from point A to point B and comes back to point A as shown in the below diagram. How much distance was travelled by the object A m B Ziyad Hamdan

23. Distance and displacement Displacement is the Change in the position. Displacement is a vector quantity, it is described by magnitude and direction. The SI unit of displacement is meter (m). The displacement travelled by an object does not depends on the path of the travel, it only depends on initial and final positions. The symbol for displacement is ( ∆x ). Mathematically, displacement is the shortest length between initial (starting) position and final (finishing) position with direction. Displacement =   x i : the initial position x f : the final position Ziyad Hamdan

24. Displacement Example: Ziyad Hamdan

25. Displacement Example: Ziyad Hamdan

26. Displacement Example: Answer: An object travels from point A to point B as shown in the below diagram. How much displacement was travelled by the object A m B ∆x = x f - x i ∆x = (+4) – (+1) ∆x = +3 m Notice that the displacement is positive because the object travelled to the right between the initial and final positions , x f = +4 m x i = +1 m Ziyad Hamdan

27. Displacement Example: An object travels from point A to point B as shown in the below diagram. How much displacement was travelled by the object A m B ∆x = x f - x i ∆x = (-4) – (+1) ∆x = -5 m Notice that the displacement is negative because the object travelled to the left between the initial and final positions Answer: , x f = -4 m x i = +1 m Ziyad Hamdan

28. Displacement Example: An object travels from point A to point B then to point C as shown in the below diagram. How much displacement was travelled by the object A m C B ∆x = x f - x i ∆x = (+4) – (-4) ∆x = +8 m Notice that the displacement is positive because the object travelled to the right between the initial and final positions Answer: , x f = +4 m x i = -4 m Ziyad Hamdan

29. Displacement Example: An object travels from point A to point B then to point C as shown in the below diagram. How much displacement was travelled by the object C m B A ∆x = x f - x i ∆x = (-3) – (+2) ∆x = -5 m Notice that the displacement is negative because the object travelled to the left between the initial and final positions Answer: , x f = -3 m x i = +2 m Ziyad Hamdan

30. Displacement Example: An object travels from point A to point B and comes back to A as shown in the below diagram. How much displacement was travelled by the object A m B ∆x = x f - x i ∆x = (+1) – (+1) ∆x = 0 Answer: , x f = +1 m x i = +1 m Ziyad Hamdan

31. Time When we describe motion of an object, we may deal with two concepts of time: - Time at a point (t) : the time at a specific position. Time interval (∆t) : how long it takes the object to travel between two positions   t i : the time point at which the object was at the initial position t f : the time point at which the object was at the final position Time interval is a scalar quantity, it has magnitude only. The SI unit of time interval is second (s) Time interval equals the change in time from the initial time to the final time Ziyad Hamdan

32. Time Example: what is the time interval between the positions 5m to 25m of the runner in the motion diagram below? Ziyad Hamdan

33. Time Example: During the motion of an object, the object passed by point A when the time was 1s and then passed by point B when the time was 6 s As shown in the below diagram: B m A Calculate, 1- the distance travelled by the object between points A and B 2- the displacement travelled by the object between points A and B 3- the time taken by the object to travel between points A and B Answer: 1- distance = 7 m 2- displacement (∆x) = x f – x i = (-4) – (+3) = -7 m (or 7 m to the left) 3- time interval (∆t) = t f – t i = 6 – 1 = 5 s Ziyad Hamdan

34. Refer to the adjoining figure and calculate the time taken by the car to travel from one signal to another signal? A. 20 min B. 45 min C. 25 min D. 5 min SECTION 2.2 Section Check Time

35. Reason: Time interval  t = t f – t i Here t f = 01:45 and t i = 01:20 Therefore,  t = 25 min SECTION 2.2 Answer Section Check Time

36. Differentiate between vector and scalar quantities with examples. Define a coordinate system and identify the origin, position and distance in a coordinate system Represent changes in position through motion diagrams and particle model Represent the displacement of an object between two points as and the time interval as The End   Lesson Objectives: Ziyad Hamdan