Grade 5 Social studies chapter 2 Stone age

G5 SST

1. The Stone Age Chapter 2

2. Stone Age Pre historic period Stones where widely used Lasted about 3.4 million years Ended between 8400 BCE and 2000 BCE Followed by Iron age

3. Stone Age divided into 4 periods Palaeolithic Age or Old Stone Age (500,000 BC- 10,000 BC) Mesolithic Age or Middle Stone Age (10,000 BC – 8000 BC) Neolithic Age or New Stone Age (8000 BC– 4000 BC) Chalcolithic Age or Copper and Stone Age (4000 BC – 2000 BC)

4. Paleolithic Age (500,000 BC -10,000 BC) Old Stone Age Nomads (did not settle in one place) Move in search of food and shelter Lived in forest - Caves Hunted animals and ate raw flesh Fruits (gathered) Hunter- gatherers Wore – animal skins and barks of trees.

5. Discoveries Discovery of Fire Wild fires Striking two stones Warmth and light Roasted meat Wild animals away Making of Tools Tools made of stones, bones and horns of animals Cutting trees, killing animals, chopping meat Hammers, axes, scrapers, borers, cleavers Harpoons for fishing, needles for sewing, arrowheads, spearheads and draggers Sona vally – Pakistan, Belan Valley – Uttar Pradesh, Bhimbetka – Bhopa l

6. Mesolithic Age (10,000 BC – 8000 BC) Meso – Middle, Lithic – stone Lies between Paleolithic and Neolithic period Smaller, sharper and better tools Bone tools, borers, scrapers and arrowheads Axes – wooden handles Bow and arrow – used to hunt animals Continued hunting – domestication of animals Settled communities – started agriculture MICROLITHS – Stone tools made in Mesolithic period.

7. Neolithic Age (8000 BC- 4000 BC) New stone age Final stage of cultural development Better tools, grow food crops, domesticate animals Crafts – pottery and weaving Agriculture food producer – food gatherer settled life – cultivating crops – Wheat, barley and millets Domesticate animals – dog, reared cattle, sheep, goats and pigs. T ransport – Oxen Chirand – Bihar, Gufkral and Burzahom – Jammu and Kashmir, Mehrgarh – Pakistan, M aski and Pikhlihal –Karnataka. Agriculture, pottery, invention of wheel, social life

8. Neolithic Age (8000 BC- 4000 BC) Pottery Earthen pot Beautifully shaped and dried in sun Decorated- making designs on them Invention of wheel Stepping stone Wood rolling- down the slope S et logs under carts and sledges Travelling – faster and easier Heavy objects moved easily M aking pots – Potter’s wheel

9. Social Life Social animal – lived in groups Tribes Villages developed Eldest member – village headman – Protect Barter system (exchange of goods and services) Women – looked after house chores Religion W orshipping – nature as God Death – journey to another world – kept pots and wepons

10. Chalcolithic Age (4000 BC – 2000 BC) Chalcos – copper, Lithos means – stone Copper and stone age First metal – discovered by man Copper mixed with other metals – Alloys India – copper tools found in Rajastan , Ganga – Yamuna and Bihar.

11. Iron Age Iron – used to make tools Bronze age – 1200 BC and 600 BC Sickles, shovels, spades Permanent settlements developed Trade and transportation Expansion of civilization Coins invented – buy and sell things