GRADE10GENETICDISORDERsciencediscoveries.pptx

genetic disorder

1. GENETIC DISORDERS PRESENTED BY: BEVERLY B. SIBAYAN

2. 2. SEX-LINKED DISORDERS SEX LINKED DISORDERS are more rare genetic disorder in men because they only have one X chromosome, so all defective genes on the chromosome will be expressed. Since women carry two X chromosomes, a recessive defective gene on one X chromosome can be covered by a normal gene on the other X chromosome. A woman who had this kind of disease may pass it on to her children. The most common sex-linked disorder is color blindness and hemophilia.

3. 3. HUMAN GENETIC SYNDROME There are some genetic disorder that may have few or too much chromosomes. A person who survived during chromosomal mutations is categorized by a distinctive set of mental or physical abnormalities.

4. A. CRI DU CHAT CRI DU CHAT is caused by the deletion of the part of the short arm of chromosome 5. Babies who have this disease have a wide set eyes and small head and jaw.

5. CRI DU CHAT CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION OF CRI DU CHAT APPEARANCE OF CHILDREN WITH CRI DU CHAT SYNDROME

6. B. WILLIAM SYNDROME WILLIAM SYNDROME is the result from the loss of a segment in chromosome 7. They have large ears and facial features that make them look like elves.

7. WILLIAM SYNDROME CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION APPEARANCE OF WILLIAM SYNDROME IN CHILDREN

8. C. DOWN SYNDROME (TRISOMY 21) DOWN SYNDROME (TRISOMY 21) is known as mongolism. A child receives an extra chromosome (chromosome 21) and has a distinctive physical appearance. It is the common cause of mental retardation. It can be mild or severe mental retardation.

9. DOWN SYNDROME (TRISOMY 21) CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF A CHILD WITH DOWN SYNFROME

10. D. EDWARD SYNDROME ( TRISOMY 18) EDWARD SYNDROME happens when there is an extra number 18 chromosome. It shows mental retardation and physical abnormalities to the child and can live beyond 1 year.

11. EDWARD SYNDROME ( TRISOMY 18) CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION APPEARANCE OF A CHILD WITH EDWARD SYNDROME

12. E. PATAU’S SYNDROME (TRISOMY 13) PATAU’S SYNDROME is caused by extra copy of number 13 chromosome. Based on the study, about 90% of babies with this syndrome do not survive in infancy. Severe mental retardation occurred to those survived.

13. PATAU’S SYNDROME (TRISOMY 13) CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION APPEARANCE OF A CHILD WITH PATAU’S SYNDROME

14. F. KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (XXY) KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (XXY) is another genetic disorder. A male who have this syndrome has two or more X- chromosome. They lack facial hair and their testes, including the prostate gland, are underdeveloped.

15. KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (XXY) CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

16. G. TURNER’S SYNDROME TURNER’S SYNDROME has 45 chromosomes. About 96-98% with tis condition do not survive at birth. It is a genetic disorder that affects women. Those who survived with this condition usually have no menstruation, has narrow hips, breast are not developed, and with broad shoulders and neck.

17. TURNER’S SYNDROME CHROMOSOME PRESENTATION PHYSICAL APPEARANCE

18. CAUSES OF MUTATIONS

19. CAUSES OF MUTATIONS SMAOKING CAN RAISE RISK OF GENETIC MUTATION Smoking can cause germ cell mutagens that can destroy genes and cause cancer and other diseases. If diseases occur, they will be inherited and can be detrimental to the children later in their life. When a mother smokes during her conception, it may lead to genetic alterations in her child.

20. CAUSES OF MUTATIONS 2. EFFECT OF OLD AGE ON OFFSPRING Many experts found out that old age at conception had an effect on offspring’s intelligence and personality. Healthy and normal eggs produced by females will decline as they get older. There is a chromosomal error happening more frequently in the eggs, resulting in abnormal embryos. Older mother (aged 36 to 45) are at a higher risk of having a baby with Down Syndrome, Patau’s Syndrome, and Edward’s syndrome. For early detection of this diseases, parents should prepare for the special needs of the baby.

21. CAUSES OF MUTATIONS 3. CHEMOTHERAPY Chemotherapy drugs can cause DNA mutations to the offspring. The genome affected chemotherapy drug will not stabilize, resulting to new mutation.

22. CAUSES OF MUTATIONS 4. EXTERNAL INFLUENCES Too much exposure to hazardous chemicals and radiations such as X-rays and Gamma rays can cause mutations. The DNA will breakdown. Though the cell repairs to the DNA, it can no longer return to its original structure, resulting to new mutations.

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