Grafting methods.pptx

All the different types of grafting methods are shown.

1. Priyanka P. Parab B.Sc. Agriculture Methods of Propagation :- Grafting and Budding

2. What Is a Graft? Grafting and budding are methods of asexual plant propagation that join parts from two different plants so they will grow as one plant.

3. Why do we do graft? Propagate the plants where other methods would not worked Change cultivar on established plant Repair damage tree parts Faster production of new fruit 2/3 vs 5/7 years Novelties – more than one cultivar on one tree

4. Grafting terms Grafting: Joining two plant pieces to make one plant Scion: Detached shoot from last year’s growth with dormant buds, upper graft part. Stock: Basal part of the graft (understock or rootstock)

5. Interstock : Stem pieces added between stock & scion Cambium: This is a single layer of cells between the wood and bark. It must be lined up for a good graft union.

6. Steps in Healing Tissues involved are the Xylem, Phloem and Cambium Callus from stock & scion fill the space and interlock to form “ callusbridge ” Callus cells in line between stock & scion cambium change into cambium cells New cambium produce Xylem & Phloem in wound to establish a vascular connection.

7. Tissue involved in graft union

8. Tools used Budding /Grafting Knife Pruning shear Tying materials:- Tape, Rubber strips, polythene strips Heavy knife wax

9. Types of Grafting Veneer grafting Whip grafting Tongue grafting Cleft grafting Wedge grafting Bridge grafting Epicotyl grafting Soft wood grafting Inarching Double working Top working Frame working

10. Grafting Machine

11. Epicotyl & Softwood grafting in Mango

12. Field Preparation for Mango Dig Pits of 1m X 1m X 1m Fill with top soil mixed with 10kg FYM and 100g Lindane 1.3% dust per pit

13. Planting Mango Graft One year old Grafts are planted in the centre of the pit with ball of earth intact followed by watering and staking. The graft union must be 15cm above the ground level The spacing followed in mango orchard is 10 X 10m, in high density planting that can be reduced to 6m X 6m/ 5m X 5m

14. Manures and Fertilizers Manures and fertilizers are applied in September – October Fertilizers are applied towards the peripheral area of the canopy Fertilizer application:- 170 gm Urea, 110gm Single Super Phosphate and 115gm Muriate of potash per plant per year from first to tenth year and thereafter 1.7 kg, 1.1Kg, and 1.15kg respectively of these fertilizer per plant per year can be applied in split doses (June- July and october )

15. Budding It is the form of grafting in which one bud and a small section of bark with or without wood is used. Chip budding and T-budding are the most important types of budding for fruit crops and woody ornamentals.

16. Types of Budding Shield budding or T-budding Patch budding Chip budding Ring budding Modified ring budding

17. T-Budding

18. Budding

19. Modified Ring Budding Chip Budding

20. Grafting and Budding Precautions Cambial layers of stock and scion must meet Parts must be held securely keep air out — Union heals by callus production Adequate temperature for cell division There are limitations! All the equipment's should be well sterilized

21. Layering It is the form of rooting of cuttings in which adventitious roots are initiated on a stem(layer) is then detached, transplanted, while later becomes a separate plant on its own roots. Air layering is mostly preferred in Sapota( chickoo ), Guava,etc .

22. Advantages of Layering It is an effective method of propagating species that usually do not root easily by cuttings as in mango, litchi, sapota, guava, etc. It does not require precise control on water, relative humidity, or temperature. Easy-to-perform and does not require much infrastructure. It is nature method of propagation in Blackberries and Raspberries.

23. Types of Layering Simple layering Serpentine/Compound layering Mound layering or Stooling Trench/Continuous layering Tip layering Air layering

24. Air Layering

25. Continuous Layering Simple Layering and Stooling

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