Grain Storage

Grain Storage

1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم University of Khartoum Faculty of Postgraduate M.Sc. Agricultural Engineering Seminar on : GRAIN STORAGE Presented by: Islam Elrayah Hassan Sdeig Nossiba Abdullah September 2021

2. Seminar Outlines: Introduction Importance of grain Storage Methods of grain Storage Traditional Methods Modern Methods Conclusion

3. Introduction: Storage of cereals is a very important preservation method. It is particularly important in Africa because agricultural production is mostly seasonal. while the demand for agricultural commodities is more evenly spread throughout the year. many techniques using in agriculture storage.

4. The selection of a storage technique or structure depends on: Production level Climatic conditions. Quantity of grain to be stored Required duration of the storage

5. Methods of Grain Storage: This can be categorized into: Traditional Methods These storage facilities are made of local materials (plant materials and soil) and constructed by the villagers themselves. Advantages: Traditional storage structures are made from readily available local materials

6. cheap methods for the storage grain. Disadvantages: cannot guarantee total protection of the grains in storage against adverse environmental conditions. increased microbial activity, and storage pest.

7. Types of traditional methods: Rhombus A mud rhombus is a specially built structure made from a mixture of dry grass and clay. It usually consists of a bin resting on large stones and covered with a thatched roof. The shape could be cylindrical, spherical, or circular.

8. Rhombus

9. Thatch Rhombus showing tree stem external support.

10. Traditional Cribs A crib is a storage structure used for temporary storage of grains. It is usually rectangular with ventilated sides and is raised about a meter from the ground and with rodent guard. Cribs are constructed from bamboo grass straws or wire mesh.

11. Traditional Cribs

12. Underground Pit An underground pit is commonly used in arid and semi arid regions. The pit, which may be round or square in cross section, is usually 1 – 3 m deep and 1 - 3 m in diameter or square. The underground pit is usually lined with straw.

13. Underground Pit

14. Open Stack Method In the open stack storage method, grain quantities of upwards of 5000 tons or more. Grain can be stored for short periods.

15. Open Stack

16. Modern Storage Modern storage structures are mostly used for medium or long term and medium or large scale storage. Advantages: Complete control of aeration Possible to store the grain for very long time periods Very large storage capacity

17. Low running costs due to larger quantities Low labour requirements Rapid handling, saving time Effective and efficient fumigation operation Possible to mechanize all operations Complete protection against natural elements

18. Disadvantages: The major challenge in the use of metal silos is the initial high cost of installation the unused space cannot be used for other activities .

19. A major motivation for the use of improved storage facilities is the protection of stored agricultural products against insect attacks . These include: Improved crib Warehouse Silo/ Bin

20. Warehouse : A  warehouse  is a building for storing  goods including's grain .  Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers , exporters , wholesalers ,  transport  businesses,  customs , etc.

21. Warehouse

22. Silo Silos are an efficient method of storing grain. Bulk grain takes less space and can be handled mechanically hence reducing bagging and handling costs. There are different types of silos of various sizes for storing grain in bulk.

23. Steel grain silos

24. Concrete Silo

25. References: Economic and Work Sector Report, 2011 . Missing Food: The case of Postharvest Grain Losses in Sub-Saharan Africa, Report No 60371-AFR. United State Agency for International Development, 2011 . Staple Crops Storage Handbook, Washington.

26. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION