Grammatical competence (2)

Grammatical competence

1. Grammatical competence

2. Grammatical competence is the ability to understand and express meaning by producing and recognising well-formed phrases and sentences. Grammatical competence

3. Categories number case, gender GRAMMATICAL ORGANISATION Elements morphs morphemes-roots and affixes words classes *open word classes *closed word classes Structures compound and complex words Processes ( descriptive ) nominalisation affixation suppletion gradation transposition transformation

4. GRAMMATICAL ACCURACY Maintains consistent grammatical control of complex language *high degree of grammatical accuracy *Good grammatical control Shows a relatively high degree of grammatical control Uses reasonably accurately a repertoire of frequently used ‘routines’ Uses some simple structures correctly Shows only limited control of a few simple grammatical structures

5. MORPHOLOGY AND SYNTAX

6. MORPHOLOGY D eals with the internal organisation of words classed as *roots, or stems; * affixes (prefixes, suffixes, infixes) simple words * root only Six tree, *break complex words *root *affixes, *unbrokenly *sixes Words may be classified into compound words containing more than one root, for example evening dress

7. Morphology also deals with other ways of modifying word forms • vowel alteration sing/sang consonant modification lend/lent irregular forms bring/brought, catch suppletion go/went zero forms sheep/sheep, cut/cut

8. Syntax deals with the organisation of words into sentences categories , elements classes structures processes and relations involved, often presented in the form of a set of rules The ability to organise sentences to convey meaning is a central aspect of communicative competence .