Grammatical Signals Week 1 Grade 8 4th Quarter

Grammatical Signals

1. APPROPRIATE GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS FOR IDEA DEVELOPMENT

2. BACKGROUND INFORMATION HOW DO YOU ORGANIZE YOUR IDEAS WHEN YOU WRITE A COMPOSITION OR AN ESSAY? Information presented by writers is easily understood if you (as a reader) are familiar with the different ways of organizing ideas. In determining the pattern of idea development, you must consider the grammatical signals or expressions found in the text that you read. 2

3. WHAT I KNOW 3 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate grammatical signals in each of the sentences below. Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. Walking can make people become more aware of their surroundings, __________, the cleanliness of the environment, and the friendliness of the neighborhood. A. consequently B. despite C. unfortunately D. such as 2. A lot of people ignored the reminder of the government to stay at home to avoid exposure to the disease. __________, the number of cases increased. A. In fact B. Such as C. As a result D. In addition 3. There are many things one can do at home to be productive. __________, one can listen to music while doing household chores, do gardening, read books, watch TV shows, and the like. A. Because B. In fact C. In addition D. For example 4. Grocery stores and wet markets require a quarantine pass to control the number of shoppers. __________, wearing of a face mask is enforced. A. Because B. In fact C. In addition D. For example 5. The Department of Education came up with a plan on how to continue the education of the learners __________ from the different modalities proposed for this school year. A. at this point B. in this regard C. as can be seen D. with this in mind

4. READ ME 4 Students nowadays are fond of playing online games, such as Mobile Legends, PUBG, DOTA and the like. These affect their study habits; in other words, they give more focus in playing these games rather than reading their lessons. Parents need to limit their children’s screen time, for example, students should only be given three hours a day to use their gadgets. This is one of the many strategies we can adopt to control students’ addiction in these mobile games. 1. What is the paragraph all about? 2. Give a comment on the ideas presented in the second paragraph. 3. What do the underlined words suggest? What do you call them?

5. These are writing devices that serve to maintain text coherence or unity of ideas. They signal relationship between sentences. They can be words or phrases that connect ideas of sentences and paragraphs for coherence. They also indicate building up new idea or thought or compare ideas or draw conclusions 5 GRAMMATICAL SIGNALS 1. general to particular 2. claim and counterclaim 3. problem – solution 4. cause – effect

6. 1 General to particular/specific This is a pattern of development that begins with a general idea or statement that is followed by specific details to support and explain it 6 Grammatical signals Example for example namely in fact such as for instance in other words like that is indeed specifically including Angelo can play several musical instruments such as violin, guitar, saxophone, and piano. general idea: musical instrument grammatical signal: such as particular or specific ideas: violin, guitar, saxophone, and piano Virtues like patience and self-control are necessary for this position. general idea: virtues grammatical signal: like particular or specific ideas: patience and self-control

7. 2 Claim and counterclaim A claim is a statement that presents an arguable position. It reflects your interpretation, belief, or opinion. The claim typically answers the question: “What do I think?” To respond to a claim by denying it with a corresponding reason or evidence is to make a counterclaim. A counterclaim is the strongest argument against a claim. The claim and counterclaim pattern can be found more frequently in political journalism, as well as letters to the editor, magazines, and argumentative speeches. Logical items are words that denote concrete objects, ideas or events, etc. They can also be called content words because they carry ideas. They provide relevant information that justify the claims or counterclaims. 7

8. 2 Claim and counterclaim 1. You can come with us if you are ready; otherwise you will have to ride the bus. 2. James and his team didn’t finish the project; however they did work hard. 3. The bullet ant is a small creature. Nonetheless , its bite is extremely painful. 8

9. 2 9 Grammatical signals Example claim assert truth false contradict challenge correct affirm agree confirm according to perhaps likely imagine might probably see suggest Claim vs. Counterclaim Claim: I believe that Japanese literature was heavily influenced by cultural contact with China and their literature because the early Japanese literary works were often written in classical Chinese. Claim: I believe that Japanese literature was heavily influenced cultural contact with China and their literature (This is the claim since it expresses what the speaker believes in and is trying to prove.) Grammatical signal: because   Logical item: the early Japanese literary works were often written in classical Chinese. (This is the logical item which gives pertinent information to justify the claim.) Counterclaim: According to my research, it was Indian Literature that had an influence on Japanese literature through the propagation of Buddhism in Japan . (logical item) To counter or argue a claim, consider a different opinion or a contrary view. Then provide the evidence that would back up your argument. Proving a claim Claim: Green-backed herons in Japan imitate people who feed bread to fish found in ornamental lakes. Reasons and evidence: Those clever birds use pieces of bread to bait fish within easy reach. Egrets in the Caribbean also use bread to lure fish. These birds even catch fish using their yellow feet. They stand in low water on one foot while they wag their foot in the water to attract the attention of nosy fish.

10. 3 Problem – solution Two main sections: the problem and the solution. The problem-solution pattern is used in persuasive writing with the aim to: convince the reader to support a certain course of action; and make the reader change his or her opinion or behavior by showing a problem that exists, then providing a solution. In the problem section, the writer aims to identify the different sides of the problem being discussed and offer evidence for these problems while in the solution section, the possible support and answers are suggested and explored. 10

11. 3 Problem – solution 11 Grammatical signals Example   the problem is the question is a solution one answer a difficulty is clearly obviously to solve Coming to a new school is hard, so we should figure out how to make students feel welcome. New students have to fit in with new classmates in an unfamiliar place with unfamiliar rules. This problem can make them feel lonely. Instead of just expecting new students to make all the effort, we can help them fit in. One of us can volunteer to show the new student around and sit with him or her at lunch. The rest of us can introduce ourselves, learn the new student’s name, and share something about our school or ourselves. Together let us make our school a friendlier place to be.   Problem – New students have to fit in with new classmates in an unfamiliar place with unfamiliar rules. Grammatical signal – this problem Solution – help them fit in Volunteer to show the new students around Sit with him or her at lunch Introduce oneself, learn the student’s name and share something about oneself and the school to the new student

12. 3 Problem – solution 12 Consider the following question frames: What is the problem? Who has the problem? Why is it a problem? What is causing the problem? What solutions have been suggested or tried? What are the pros and cons of various solutions? Which solutions worked or seemed to have the best chance for solving the problem?

13. 4 Cause and Effect 13 Grammatical signals Example because because of since for on account of due to as a result therefore thus that is why so hence for this reason consequently Because the alarm was not set, we were late for work. (signal) (cause) (effect)   Due to Kara’s laziness, she failed the English test. (signal) (cause) (effect)   Camille could not attend the class for he was ill. (effect) (signal) (cause)   It describes how one event influenced a later event or what caused an event to take place. In this type of pattern, an author may either focus on both the causes and effects or may address only the cause or the effect.

14. FILL THE GAP 14 Complete the statements by filling in the blanks with the correct grammatical signals from the box to connect the general idea to its supporting details 1. When I go camping, I bring lots of things, _______________ a fishing rod, a match and a sleeping bag. 2. Do you have any hobbies _______________ reading or writing? 3. Korea has many beautiful cities _______________ Seoul and Busan. 4. Three students were mentioned, _______________ John, Sarah and Chris. 5. He’s not all exciting, _______________ he’s really rather ordinary. 6. Martin has a bad eyesight, the doctor advised him to wear corrective lenses, _______________ eyeglasses. 7. My grandfather loves collecting shiny stuffs, __________, when he sees anything shiny he would automatically approach that thing. 8. All requests for foreign purchases of a property must be routed through an authorized dealer, _______________ a registered banker. 9. I was annoyed, _______________ furious, over what happened. 10. She said the movie was a bit predictable. _______________, she didn’t like it.

15. FILL THE GAP 15 Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks with the correct transition signals. The bullet ant is a small creature. (1)________________, its sting is extremely painful, and victims compared that terrible, burning pain to be in shot with a gun; (2) ______________, its name: the “bullet” ant. In Venezuela, (3) _____________, it is not known as the bullet ant, but as the “24-hour ant” because this is how long a victim will experience pain after being stung. Worker ants of this species are quite large. (4)___________, they measure between 18 and 30 millimeters (0.7 to 1. 2 inches) and are said to look like a large, wingless wasps. When encountered in the wild, it is a good idea, (5) _____________, to avoid close contact with them. Bullet Ants

16. NOTE ME 16 Directions: Read the sentences carefully and circle the grammatical signal used in each item. 1. My father loves eating salty foods. For example, last week he made some home-made salted eggs. 2. Joyce has studied many Asian languages, for instance Korean, Chinese Mandarin, and Thai. 3. Matthew invited some of his friends to join the outing, namely, John and Christian. 4. The city government officials are responsible for most local services, such as local planning, social services and local roads. 5. He pretended not to know her, in fact they were classmates in elementary.

17. NOTE ME 17 Directions: Read the sentences carefully and circle the grammatical signal used in each item. 6. When you cook soup with leafy vegetables such as moringga , spinach and chinese cabbage, don’t forget to remove the stalks. 7. People think that the investigation was independent, in fact a lot of political manipulations went on. 8. The nurses identified the postcode areas of the locally stranded individuals and categorized them into three groups, namely, urban, rural, or mixed. 9. There have been many leaders in history who have tried to rule the entire world, for instance, Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great. 10. Shakespeare influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy, William Faulkner, and Charles Dickens.

18. INTERNALIZE IT 18 MAKATO AND THE COWRIE SHELL (A Summary) By Supannee Khanchanathiti Once upon a time, there was an orphan whose name was Makato . He didn't have any ways to support himself, so he did every kind of work such as, carrying heavy things, clearing away forest, and even feeding pigs. Although he was paid only a small wage, he never idled and was satisfied of everything. As a result, people around him noticed his hard work and were very pleased of him. Makato dreamed of going on an adventure to a far and bigger place where the land was fertile, and the people were kind. He left his village and set out into the wide world. He walked along cheerfully, enjoying new insights and talking to the people he met on the way. After a long month's journey, he reached a village on the boundary of the Kingdom of Sukhotai . He met an old woman who helped her. He told her that he had come from a far place and he wanted to see the king, who he had heard was kind. He worked with the king's elephants and he started working for her. After some time working, he finally met with the king. During the encounter, he picked up a cowrie shell that was lying on the road and offered it to the king (Cowrie shells were used for money, but just one was practically worthless). When Makato offered the shell to the King, the King said he could keep it. Makato was wondering what he could repay to honor the king's gift. He saw some lettuce seeds at a stall in the market and thought that he could grow them. He asked the woman about them, and she let him have as many as would stick to his finger in return for his treasured cowrie shell. He made the lettuces grow abundantly. The next time he saw the king, he gave one to him and told him he grew them from the shell that he had given him. The king was very impressed and gave him a job in the castle. Eventually, Makato grew up and married the daughter of the king. Read the lines taken from the story. Identify the transition signals used in each sentence. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

19. GUESS WHAT 19 Directions : Complete the sentences below with the best transition signals. Circle the letter of the correct answer. 1. I lost my keys. __________, I later found them under the table. A. In fact B. For example C. However D. In short 2. I didn’t have time to eat breakfast. __________, I’m really hungry now. A. Additionally B. To illustrate C. As a result D. Meanwhile 3. Tamaraw is one of the endangered species in the Philippines. The __________ to this problem is to educate the natives about the conservation of the animal. A. that is B. no doubt C. in addition D. proposed solution

20. GUESS WHAT 20 Directions : Complete the sentences below with the best transition signals. Circle the letter of the correct answer. 4. The storm was severe. __________, many homes were destroyed. A. In contrast B. Indeed C. Next D. Likewise 5. Our teacher is present __________, she’s sick. A. even though B. likewise C. finally D. as a result

21. FILL IN THE GAP 21 Directions : Read each item carefully and fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate grammatical signal provided inside the box. 1. Summer in the Philippines can be very hot . ___________, many people experience heat stroke. 2. Mrs. Cruz can be grumpy sometimes; _____________, we should help her whenever we can. 3. The student submitted his essay late. ___________, he failed. 4. Juan wakes up early _____________ his class starts at seven o’clock in the morning. 5. Essays must be handed in by due date ____________ they will not be accepted.

22. COMPLETE ME 22 Directions : Complete the sentences about you using the given grammatical signals. 1. I usually study hard for quarterly exam. As a result,... ______________________________________________________________________________ 2. I always try to be kind. Nevertheless, ... ______________________________________________________________________________ 3. I like to study Filipino. However,... ______________________________________________________________________________ 4. Sometimes I skip breakfast. Therefore,... ______________________________________________________________________________ 5. I can speak Yakan . In fact,.. ______________________________________________________________________________