GRAPHS-FOR-QUALITATIVE-DATA.pptx

Research

1. graphs for qualitative data Presented by Group 5 Subject: EDUC 211 (Educational Statistics)

2. graphs for qualitative data

3. objectives At the end of the webinar session participants shall be able to : 1. Explain the different types of graphs for Qualitative data 2.Construct different types of graphs for Qualitative data.

4. Introduction: The graph is nothing but an organized representation of data . It helps us to understand the data. The word data came from the Latin word Datum which means “something given” After a research question is developed, data is being collected continuously through observation. Then it is organized, summarized, classified, and then represented graphically. In 1300’s , graphs were not always used to present statistical findings . Graphs were used to describe mathematical relationships but not for statistical purposes. The first significant statistical graphs were published much more recently, usually credited to William Playfair (1759-1823) , political economist and engineer from Scotland. Origins of graphs in statistics – William Playfair (1759-1823)

5. GUESS ME ! GUESS ME! A hILLARIOUS RIDDLES IN STATISTICS

6. What chart should not be shown at an Alcoholics’ Anonymous meeting?

7. What chart is appropriate iN a baker's convention?

8. Quantitative VERSUS Qualitative Qualitative data are measures of 'types' and may be represented by a name, symbol, or a number code. Qualitative data are data about categorical variables (e.g. what type). Quantitative data are measures of values or counts and are expressed as numbers. Quantitative data are data about numeric variables (e.g. how many; how much; or how often) Data collected about a numeric variable will always be quantitative and data collected about a categorical variable will always be qualitative. Therefore, you can identify the type of data, prior to collection, based on whether the variable is numeric or categorical.

9. For example, if data are collected on annual income (quantitative), occupation data (qualitative) could also be gathered to get more detail on the average annual income for each type of occupation.

10. BAR GRAPH A bar graph is a type of chart in which each column (plotted either vertically or horizontally) represents a categorical variable or a discrete ungrouped numeric variable. Features of a bar chart: In a bar chart, the bar height (if vertical) or length (if horizontal) shows the frequency for each category or characteristic. The distribution of the dataset is not important because the columns each represent an individual category or characteristic rather than intervals for a continuous measurement. Therefore, gaps are included between each bar and each bar can be arranged in any order without affecting the data.

11. For example: If data had been collected for 'country of birth' from a sample of children, a bar chart could be used to plot the data as 'country of birth' is a categorical variable. Reference: https://www.abs.gov.au/websitedbs/D3310114.nsf/home/statistical+language+-+frequency+distribution

12. line graph A line graph is a graphical display of information that changes continuously over time. Within a line graph, there are various data points connected together by a straight line that reveals a continuous change in the values represented by the data points. Line graphs consist of two axes: x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical). Each axis represents a different data type, and the points at which they intersect is (0,0). The x-axis is the independent axis because its values are not dependent on anything measured.

13. histogram A histogram is a graphical representation that organizes a group of data points into user-specified ranges. Similar in appearance to a bar graph, the histogram condenses a data series into an easily interpreted visual by taking many data points and grouping them into logical ranges or bins.

14. pie chart A Pie Chart is a type of graph that displays data in a circular graph. The pieces of the graph are proportional to the fraction of the whole in each category. In other words, each slice of the pie is relative to the size of that category in the group as a whole. The entire “pie” represents 100 percent of a whole, while the pie “slices” represent portions of the whole. Pie charts give you a snapshot of how a group is broken down into smaller pieces.

15. pictograph A picture graph, or pictograph, is a graph used to display information that uses images or symbols to represent data. What main features do pictograph have? They must have a title. They must have a key to show what each symbol or picture means. Each picture must be of identical size.

16. scatter plot A scatter plot is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded, one additional variable can be displayed Can scatter plot be used for qualitative data? Data do not need to be quantitative to be plotted in a scatterplot. Instead, data on the x-axis could be qualitative, categorical, or ordinal. ... Another use of scatterplots is to assess statistical assumptions for linear models

17. pareto chart A Pareto Chart is a combination of a bar graph and a line graph. Notice the presence of both bars and a line on the Pareto Chart. Each bar usually represents a type of defect or problem. The height of the bar represents any important unit of measure — often the frequency of occurrence or cost. The bars are presented in descending order (from tallest to shortest). Therefore, you can see which defects are more frequent at a glance. The line represents the cumulative percentage of defects.

18. REFERENCES https://higherlogicdownload.s3.amazonaws.com/AMSTAT/1484431b-3202-461e-b7e6-ebce10ca8bcd/UploadedImages/Classroom_Activities/HS_3_Origins_of_graphs_in_statistics.pdf https://gpuzzles.com/mind-teasers/trick-statistics-puzzle/ https://stats.libretexts.org Practical Research 2 by Jessie S. Barrot, PH.D.

19. ASSESSMENT…..