Gravitation.pptx by jvjvjvhvhvhhhhhhhhhhhv

gravitation

1. Gravitation : A Detailed Overview Understanding the principles of gravity, mass, and Archimedes’ law b y- premdarshan Mishra

2. Introduction to Gravitation Gravitation is the force of attraction between any two masses. Responsible for planetary orbits, ocean tides, and falling objects. Formulated by Sir Isaac Newton in the law of universal gravitation. Plays a critical role in the structure and dynamics of the universe.

3. Archimedes’ Principle Archimedes’ Principle states that a body submerged in a fluid experiences a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Explains why objects float or sink based on their density relative to the fluid. Applications include ships, submarines, and hot air balloons. Formula: F_b = ? × g × V, where ? is the fluid density, g is gravity, and V is displaced volume.

4. Mass and Velocity Mass refers to the amount of matter in an object, influencing gravitational force. Velocity is the speed of an object in a given direction. According to Newton’s second law, Force = Mass × Acceleration (F = ma). These two factors play a crucial role in gravitational systems and motion .

5. Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation Every particle attracts every other particle in the universe. The force is directly proportional to the product of their masses. Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers. Formula: F = G (m1 × m2) / r^2, where G is the gravitational constant .

6. Free Fall and Gravity Free fall occurs when the only force acting on an object is gravity. Objects accelerate toward Earth at 9.8 m/s², ignoring air resistance. Example: Skydivers experience free fall before deploying a parachute. Terminal velocity is reached when the force of air resistance equals gravitational pull.

7. Gravitational Effects on Earth Gravitation influences Earth’s tides due to the gravitational pull of the moon. Determines planetary orbits around the sun and governs satellite motion. Affects the structure of galaxies and cosmic objects. Responsible for the weight we experience on Earth’s surface .

8. Conclusion Gravitation is a fundamental force shaping the universe. It governs planetary motion, ocean tides, and everyday phenomena. Archimedes’ principle and Newton’s laws deepen our understanding of gravitational and buoyant forces. Understanding gravity is key to advancements in science and engineering.