PROBLEM 2.3 3
Solution:FortheEarthGM^/R^c2~10~9.TherelevantratiofortheSun
isGM&j(
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ofusefulconstantsthisis
GMQ 1.48km
r^> : r^>10
c2r® 1.4x108km
TheeffectoftheSunisthereforepotentiallylarger.
2-3.[C](a)Verifytherelation(2.4)betweenthesumoftheinterioranglesof
asphericaltriangleanditsareawhentwooftheanglesarerightangles,
(b)Provetherelationgenerally
Solution:
a)Suchatrianglecanbeboundedbytheequatorandtwolinesoflongitude
differingbyananglea.TheareaAis(a/2Tt)x(areaofahemisphere)=
era2
/sumofthe\ (era2) A
IT+a=IT-\ -—=IT+
Vinteriorangles/ a2 a
2
b)Thethreegreatcirclesthatboundasphericaltriangledividethesphereup
intoeighttriangles.Anytwocirclesdividethesphereintowedgeswhose
openingangleisoneoftheinterioranglesofatriangle,andwhoseareais
thesumoftheareasoftwoofthetriangles.Thisgivesasetofrelationsof
theform
. ., 1/interior\ . 9
A+A'=— . ■4?ra2
2ttVangle)
whichcouldbesolvedfortheareasofthetrianglesintermsoftheirinterior
angles.
However,itisnotnecessarytocarryoutthissolution.Argumentsof
symmetryandsomespecialcasesareenoughtofindtheresult.Theabove
relationsshowthattheareaofasphericaltrianglearelinearlyrelatedto
thethreeinteriorangles;a,/?,7.Since,inageneraltriangle,nooneof
theseanglesispreferredoveranyother,theareamustberelatedlinearly
andsymmetricallytotheanglesbyarelationoftheform
A=c(a+0+7)+d
3