Green Building Construction - Module 2 - Site Selection Planning and Design

The topics covered in these slides are as follows:
- Site preservation
- Passive architecture
- Soil erosion control
- Natural topography and on-site vegetation
- Preservation of transportation of trees on-site
- Heat island reduction
- Optimization in structural design
- Innovation in design process

1. DLOC-4
GREEN BUILDING
CONSTRUCTIONS

Module No. 2
SITE SELECTION AND PLANNING


-Dr. Rohan Dasgupta
-

2. Reference:
2

3. Sustainable Architecture and Design (SA)
●Credit 1 - Integrated Design Approach (Points: 1)
●
●Credit 2 - Site Preservation (Points: 2)
●
●Credit 3 - Passive Architecture (Points: 2)
3

4. SA Credit 1 : Integrated Design Approach
●Intent: To encourage integrated design approach to construct a high performance building,
thereby reducing negative environmental impacts.
●
●Compliance Options: Demonstrate that the project has involved team members from
multi-disciplinary fields for effective decision-making and enhanced building performance,
right from conceptual stage till completion of the project.
4

5. SA Credit 1 : Integrated Design Approach …contd…
●Compliance Options: Ensure that the project owner involves the following project team
members, as applicable at each stage of the project:
○Architect
○Commissioning Authority
○Energy Modeler
○Facility Managers
○General Contractor,
○Green Building Consultant
★
★Document at least 3 project meetings at 3 different stages of the project.
5

○Interior Designer
○Landscape Architect
○MEP Consultant
○Project Management Consultant
○Structural Consultant

6. SA Credit 2 : Site Preservation
●Intent: Encourage retaining the site features to minimise site damage and associated
negative environmental impacts.
●Site features:
○Topography / Landscape
○Trees
○Rocks
○Contour
○Water Bodies and Channels
6

7. 7Image courtesy: Culture Trip
How many site features can you locate here?

8. SA Credit 2 : Site Preservation …contd…
●Compliance Options: Demonstrate that the project complies with at least one of the following
measures: (1 point for each measure; maximum 2 points)
○Existing Topography / Landscape: Retain at least 10% of the existing topography /
landscape, without any disturbance whatsoever.
○Existing Trees: Design to integrate trees with new development, so as to preserve 75%
of existing trees.
○Natural Rocks: Retain at least 50% of natural rocks (by surface area), excluding building
footprint.
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9. SA Credit 2 : Site Preservation …contd…
●Compliance Options:
○Site Contour: Retain site contour to an extent of at least 50% of the site, including
building footprint. Applicable for projects with a slope of 25 percent (ie. 4 to 1 slope) or
more.
○Water Bodies and Channels: Retain 100% of water bodies and channels existing on the
site.
9

10. 10Image courtesy: Culture Trip
Discuss on the site preservation of this site.

11. 11Image courtesy: Culture Trip
How can you document
SITE PRESERVATION?

12. 12Image courtesy: Culture Trip

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14. SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture
●Intent: Adopt passive architectural design features to minimise negative environmental
impacts
●
●Compliance Options:
○Option 1: Simulation Approach - Demonstrate that the passive architecture measures
implemented in the project has resulted in at least 2% energy savings of total annual
energy consumption (through whole building simulation approach).
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15. SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture …contd…
●The approach shall address the following aspects, but not limited to:
○Climate-responsive concepts and design features
○Passive cooling / heating technologies
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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Orientation of the building
○The way a building is positioned in relation to the sun, wind, and other environmental
factors is called the orientation of a building
○It can have a direct impact on its energy consumption and thermal comfort.
○Some key ways in which building orientation affects energy conservation are as follows:
■Solar gain and heat loss
■Natural ventilation
■Daylighting
■Passive solar design
■Photovoltaic panels
■Microclimates

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
➔Solar Gain and Heat Loss
◆The building’s orientation determines how much sunlight it receives throughout the day.
◆In colder climates, maximizing solar gain (the amount of sunlight absorbed into the
building) can help reduce heating costs during the winter. Orienting the building's main
living spaces and windows toward the south in the Northern Hemisphere or north in the
Southern Hemisphere can achieve this.
◆On the other hand, in hot climates, minimizing solar gain is important to prevent
excessive heat buildup and reduce the need for air conditioning. Proper shading
strategies, such as using overhangs or deciduous trees, can help achieve this.
●Orientation of the building

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
➔Natural ventilation
◆The orientation of the building also influences natural ventilation. By positioning
windows and openings to take advantage of prevailing winds, cross-ventilation can be
enhanced. This allows for better air circulation and reduces the reliance on mechanical
cooling systems, thereby saving energy.
●Orientation of the building
➔Daylighting
◆Proper orientation can maximize the use of natural daylight, reducing the need for
artificial lighting during the day. Designing buildings with ample windows on the
south-facing side in the Northern Hemisphere or the north-facing side in the Southern
Hemisphere can help achieve this.

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
➔Passive solar design
◆Passive solar design principles take advantage of the sun's energy to heat and cool a
building naturally. This includes positioning thermal mass (e.g., concrete, brick) on the
sun-facing side to absorb and store heat during the day and release it at night, helping to
regulate indoor temperatures.
●Orientation of the building
➔Photovoltaic panels
◆If a building has solar panels to generate electricity, their efficiency is affected by the
orientation. Placing photovoltaic panels on the roof or walls facing south in the Northern
Hemisphere or north in the Southern Hemisphere generally provides better solar
exposure and energy production.

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
➔Microclimates
◆Building orientation can also impact the microclimates around the building.
◆For example, creating windbreaks on the windward side can protect the building and
outdoor spaces from strong winds, improving comfort and reducing heating needs.
●Orientation of the building

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Skylight
A skylight (sometimes called a rooflight)
is a light-permitting structure or window,
usually made of transparent or
translucent glass, that forms all or part
of the roof space of a building for
daylighting and ventilation purposes.
Image courtesy: Velux (whyskylights.com)

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Light well
A light well or sky-well or air shaft is an
unroofed or roofed external space
provided within the volume of a large
building to allow light and air to reach
what would otherwise be a dark or
unventilated area.
Image courtesy: Simplicable (simplicable.com)

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Courtyard
A courtyard or court is a circumscribed
area, often surrounded by a building or
complex, that is open to the sky.
Image courtesy: Reddit

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Shaded Corridor
A shaded corridor is a covered long
passage inside or outside of a building
that either connects one part of the
building to another or one building to
another building.
Image courtesy: Pintrest

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Shading Devices
Shading devices are are architectural
elements used to manage the amount of
sunlight entering a building or outdoor
space. They are usually of 3 types: i)
horizontal, ii) vertical and iii) hybrid
Image courtesy: Building Enclosure

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Shading from trees and adjacent
buildings
Trees and adjacent buildings are a source
of shading in a passive way and can be
taken advantage of by smartly
positioning the layout of the building.
Image courtesy: Houzz

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Pergolas
A pergola is a type of outdoor
architectural structure, typically
consisting of vertical pillars or posts that
support a series of horizontal
cross-beams or lattice-work on top.
Pergolas are designed to create an open,
shaded outdoor space, often used for
relaxation, dining, or as a focal point in a
garden or backyard.
Image courtesy: Houzz

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Punched Windows
Punched windows are created by directly
cutting or "punching" holes into the
building's wall without any elaborate
surrounding ornamentation.
These windows have a straightforward
and utilitarian appearance, often with a
regular grid pattern of windows arranged
in a linear or stacked fashion.
Image courtesy: USGlass Magazine

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Extended louvres
Extended louvres are window blinds or
shutters with horizontal slats that are
angled to admit light and air, but to keep
out rain and direct sunshine.
The angle of the slats may be adjustable,
usually in blinds and windows, or fixed.
Image courtesy: Desihnboom

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Horizontal landscaping
Horizontal landscaping refers to the
practice of designing and implementing
landscaping elements that primarily
extend horizontally along the ground. It
involves using plants, ground covers,
hardscape materials, and other features
that stay close to the ground, creating a
visually appealing and functional
landscape.
Image courtesy: Better Homes and Gardens

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Climate-responsive concepts and design features
●Vertical landscaping
Vertical landscaping, also known as
vertical gardening or green walls, is a
technique of incorporating plants and
vegetation vertically on walls or vertical
surfaces. Unlike traditional landscaping
that mainly focuses on ground-level
planting, vertical landscaping utilizes the
vertical space to create green and
visually appealing environments.
Image courtesy: Gardenstead

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Image courtesy: Wikipedia

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SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Passive cooling/heating technologies
●Wind tower
Wind tower or windcatcher or wind
scoop, is an architectural element used in
traditional and modern buildings to
harness natural ventilation and cooling by
utilizing the power of wind.
Wind towers are particularly prevalent in
hot and arid regions where cooling and
ventilation are essential for indoor
comfort.
Image courtesy: Matador Network

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Working Principle: Wind Tower
Wind towers work based on the principles of natural ventilation and the stack effect. They are
designed to capture and channel prevailing winds to promote airflow within a building, providing
natural cooling and ventilation. Here's how wind towers work:
Capture of Wind: Wind towers are strategically placed on the roof or the high points of a building to
intercept the prevailing winds. The tower's design and orientation are crucial to ensure maximum
wind capture.
Inlet Openings: At the top of the wind tower, there are inlet openings or windward sides that face the
prevailing wind direction. These openings are designed to catch and direct the wind downward into
the tower.
Pressure Difference: As the wind strikes the inlet openings, it creates a positive pressure inside the
wind tower, which is higher than the pressure inside the building. This pressure difference initiates
the airflow process.

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Working Principle: Wind Tower
Airflow Channel: The captured wind is channeled downwards through the wind tower, which can be a
straight or curved vertical passage. This channeling helps to focus the wind and increase the velocity as it
moves downward.
Ventilation Outlets: Towards the bottom of the wind tower, there are ventilation outlets or leeward sides
that open into the interior of the building. These outlets allow the cooled and fresh air to enter the living
spaces.
Stack Effect: As the cooler air enters the building, it displaces the warmer air inside, causing the warm air
to rise. The warmer air is expelled through exhaust vents or openings at higher points in the building, such
as windows or roof vents.
Cross-Ventilation: To maximize the cooling effect, wind towers are often integrated with other ventilation
openings in the building, such as windows and doors. This creates cross-ventilation, where fresh air flows
through the interior and stale air is expelled, enhancing indoor air quality.
Cooling Effect: The continuous flow of fresh air through the building helps in cooling the indoor spaces
naturally. As the warmer air rises and is expelled, the cycle continues, maintaining a comfortable and
well-ventilated environment.

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Working Principle: Wind Tower
Image courtesy: ResearchGate

39. 39
SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Passive cooling/heating technologies
●Earth tunnel
In passive architecture, an "earth tunnel"
is a design concept that utilizes the
thermal stability of the earth to help
regulate the temperature inside a
building. It involves the use of
underground tunnels or tubes to facilitate
the natural exchange of heat with the
surrounding earth, which can help
maintain a more stable and comfortable
indoor temperature throughout the year.
Image courtesy: Geothermal Energy (Springer Open)

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Working Principle: Earth Tunnel
The basic principle behind an earth tunnel is that the temperature below the ground remains relatively
constant compared to the fluctuating temperatures above the surface. Depending on the geographic
location, the underground temperature can vary, but typically, a few meters below the surface, the earth's
temperature remains in a range that is more favorable for human comfort than extreme outdoor
temperatures.
To implement an earth tunnel, a passive architecture design might involve incorporating underground ducts
or pipes that allow air to circulate between the interior of the building and the earth. During hot weather, the
air inside the earth tunnel will be cooler than the outdoor air, providing a cooling effect when introduced
into the building. Conversely, during cold weather, the earth tunnel can preheat the air before it enters the
building, reducing the need for additional heating.

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Working Principle: Earth Tunnel
Image courtesy: beepindia.org

42. 42
SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture: Points awarded

43. SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture
●Intent: Adopt passive architectural design features to minimise negative environmental impacts
●
●Compliance Options:
○Option 2: Perspective Approach - Demonstrate that the project has implemented at
least one of the following passive measures that result in energy savings: (1 point for
each measure; maximum 2 points)
43

44. SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture
●Exterior Openings: At least 80% of the exterior openings (fenestration) have a Projection
Factor* of 0.5 or more
●*Projection Factor is a ratio of the length of overhang projection divided by height from window
sill to the bottom end of the overhang (must be permanent). For more details, please refer
Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC).
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45. 45

46. What is R-value?
●The R-value, also known as thermal resistance, measures a material's ability to resist the flow
of heat.
●It indicates how well a material can insulate against heat transfer.
●The higher the R-value, the better the insulation properties of the material.
●It's calculated by dividing the thickness of the material by its thermal conductivity.
●The formula for calculating R-value is:
R = Thickness / Thermal Conductivity
●The R-value is typically used to quantify the insulating properties of materials like insulation
batts, foam panels, and similar products.
● Common units for R-value are °C·m²/W (degrees Celsius per square meter per watt).
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47. What is U-factor?
●The U-factor, also known as thermal transmittance, is the reciprocal of the R-value.
●It represents the rate of heat transfer through a material or a building assembly.
●The lower the U-factor, the better the insulation properties of the material or assembly.
●U-factor takes into account the entire building element, including all the layers and air spaces
involved.
●It's calculated by considering the thermal resistance of each layer and air space in the
assembly. The formula for calculating U-value is:
U = 1 / (R1 + R2 + R3 + ...)
●where R1, R2, R3, etc., are the thermal resistances of each layer.
●The U-factor is typically used to evaluate the overall heat loss or gain of a building component,
such as walls, roofs, windows, and doors.
●Common units for U-factor are W/(m²·K) (watts per square meter per Kelvin).
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48. What is SHGC?
●SHGC stands for "Solar Heat Gain Coefficient."
●It's a metric used in the field of building and energy efficiency to quantify the amount of solar
radiation that enters a building through windows or glazed surfaces and contributes to the
heat gain inside the building.
●In essence, the SHGC represents the fraction of solar energy that passes through a window or
glazing system and adds to the internal heat load of the building.
●It takes into account both directly transmitted solar radiation and absorbed solar radiation
that is re-radiated into the building's interior.
●The SHGC is expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where:
●A lower SHGC (closer to 0) indicates that the window or glazing system allows less solar heat
to pass through, thus providing better shading and reducing solar heat gain.
●A higher SHGC (closer to 1) indicates that the window or glazing system allows more solar
heat to pass through, leading to greater solar heat gain within the building.
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49. What is SHGC? … contd …
●SHGC is an important consideration when designing energy-efficient buildings and selecting
windows or glazing systems.
●Depending on the climate, building orientation, and energy goals, designers might choose
windows with specific SHGC values to optimize both natural lighting and energy performance.
●In hot climates, windows with lower SHGC values are often preferred to minimize cooling
loads, while in colder climates, higher SHGC values might be chosen to take advantage of
solar heat during the heating season.
●SHGC is one of the factors that contribute to the overall energy efficiency and comfort of a
building, along with other factors like insulation, U-values, and ventilation strategies.
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50. SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture
●Skylights: Skylights shall comply with the maximum U-factor and maximum SHGC
requirements as prescribed in Energy Conservation Building Code 2017 (ECBC),Table 4.6:
Skylight U-Factor and SHGC Requirements
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51. SA Credit 3 : Passive Architecture
●Daylighting: 50 % of the regularly occupied spaces with daylight illuminance levels for a
minimum of 110 Lux (and a maximum of 2,200 Lux) in a clear sky condition on 21st
September at 12 noon, at working plane (through simulation or measurement approach)
●Passive cooling / heating technologies
●Any other passive measures
●All enclosed roof areas, including podium, covered surface parking and utility blocks, which
are exposed to the sky (at and above ground level) shall be considered for this credit
calculation.
●Exposed roof area need not include equipment platforms, areas covered with solar
photovoltaic & solar water heaters, water body, driveways, pathways, roads, play areas etc.
●Skylights provided on the basement/ podium areas can also be considered for credit
calculations
51

52. Site Selection and Planning (SSP) - 14 points
●SSP Mandatory Requirement 1 : Local building regulations
●SSP Mandatory Requirement 2 : Soil Erosion Control
●SSP Credit 1 : Basic Amenities (1 point)
●SSP Credit 2 : Proximity to Public Transport (1 point)
●SSP Credit 3 : Low-emitting vehicles (1 point)
●SSP Credit 4 : Natural Topography or Vegetation (2 points)
●SSP Credit 5 : Preservation or Transplantation of Trees (1 point)
●SSP Credit 6 : Heat Island Reduction - non-roof (2 points)

52

53. Site Selection and Planning (SSP) - 14 points
●SSP Credit 7 : Heat Island Reduction - roof (2 points)
●SSP Credit 8: Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction (1 point)
●SSP Credit 9: Universal Design (1 point)
●SSP Credit 10: Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce (1 point)
●SSP Credit 11: Green Building Guidelines (1 point)

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54. SSP Mandatory Requirement 1: Local Building Regulations
54
●Intent: Ensure that the building complies with necessary statutory and regulatory codes.
●
●Compliance Options: The project shall comply with following statutory approvals from the
Government of India or State Government authorities, as applicable:
○Approved site plan (and/ or) building plans for construction, as applicable
○Status of completion or Completion certificate signed by Architect/Engineer/Owner or
Third party Commissioning Authority (OR) Occupancy certificate from Local Authority

55. SSP Mandatory Requirement 1: Local Building Regulations
55
●Note: Buildings with 20,000 sq.m built-up area or more shall submit ‘Environmental Clearance
Certificate’ or ‘Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study Report’, as applicable, approved
by Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) or State Environment Impact Assessment
Authority (SEIAA) to show compliance for certification

56. SSP Mandatory Requirement 2: Soil Erosion Control
56
●Intent: Control soil erosion and sedimentation, thereby, reducing negative impacts to the site
and surroundings.
●
●Compliance Options: Implement the following measures, as applicable:
○Soil erosion control measures taken before construction and during construction must
conform to the best management practices highlighted in the National Building Code
(NBC) of India 2016, Part 10, Section 1, Chapter 4 - Protection of Landscape during
Construction and Chapter 5 - Soil and Water Conservation.
○Fertile topsoil to be stockpiled prior to construction, for future reuse or donation.
○Develop appropriate measures to address soil erosion, after occupancy.

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61. SSP Mandatory Requirement 2: Soil Erosion Control
61
●Some common strategies for soil erosion control are
○through soil stabilization
■by washing wheels of trucks before entering the site
■by temporarily covering the top soil
■by temporarily seeding the top soil
○through sedimentation control
■by constructing an earth dike or swale
■by making a sedimentation basin
■by constructing a sedimentation trap
■by providing silt fencing

62. SSP Mandatory Requirement 2: Soil Erosion Control
62
●Soil erosion may be controlled before and during construction by
○top soil preservation at site by excavation and preservation / transportation
○dust suppression at site by watering dusty areas
○providing a wheel washing facility for trucks entering the site
○preserving existing trees
○barricading the site
○creating a sedimentation basin
●Soil erosion may be controlled after construction by
○stormwater management systems
○vegetation

63. SSP Credit 1: Basic Amenities (1 point)
63
●Intent: Provide access to basic amenities, so as to reduce negative impacts caused from
automobile use.
●
●Compliance Options: Select a site with access to at least seven basic amenities, within a
walking distance of 1 km from the building entrance.
○ATM / Bank
○Clinic / Hospital
○Crèche / School
○Grocery store / Supermarket
○Laundry / Dry cleaners
○Park / Garden
○Pharmacy
○Post office / Courier service
○Restaurant / Cafeteria
○Service apartment / Hotel
○Sports club / Fitness center / Gym
○Theatre
○Utility bill payment center (Electricity / Water)

64. SSP Credit 1: Basic Amenities (1 point)
64
●Notes:
○The basic amenities shall be functional at the time of project completion.
○All amenities are to be considered only once.
○The amenities shall be accessible to building occupants and other users of the building.
○Basic amenities within the campus can also be considered to show compliance.
○For campus projects with multiple buildings, the compliance for basic amenities can be
shown through one or a combination of the following criteria:
■From center of the campus / zone
■From entrance of the campus / zone

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66. SSP Credit 2: Proximity to Public Transport (1 point)
66
●Intent: Encourage use of public transport, so as to reduce negative impacts caused from
automobile use.
●
●Compliance Options:
○Option 1: Locate the building within 800 meters walking distance from an intra-city
railway station (or) a bus-stop (or) other modes of public transport.
○Option 2: Shuttle Service - The project can operate or have a contract in place for shuttle
services (from / to the nearest intra-city railway station or bus-stop), for at least 25% of
the building occupants.

67. SSP Credit 3: Low Emitting Vehicles (1 point)
67
●Intent: Encourage the use of non-fossil fuel vehicles, thereby reducing negative impacts
resulting from fossil fuel based automobiles.
●
●Compliance Options:
○Option 1: Low Emitting Vehicles
■Option 1A: Electric Vehicles: Use electric vehicles within or outside the site, to
cater at least 5% of the building occupants (excluding visitors). Also, designate
preferred parking spaces for such vehicles within the site. Additionally, the project
shall install electric charging facilities within the projects’ parking area to cater to
the electric vehicles.
■Option 1B: Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles: Use Compressed Natural
Gas (CNG) powered vehicles within or outside the site, to cater at least 5% of the
building occupants (excluding visitors). Also, designate preferred parking spaces
for such vehicles within the site. Additionally, the project shall have at least one
CNG filling station within 5 km distance from the projects’ campus entrance.

68. SSP Credit 3: Low Emitting Vehicles (1 point)
68
●Compliance Options:
○Option 2: Charging Facilities for Low-emitting Vehicles
■Provide charging facilities for low-emitting vehicles within the site, to cater at least
5% of the total parking capacity (excluding visitor parking).
Notes:
-Preferred parking spaces refer to the spaces that are easily accessible to the building
entrance.
-Low-emitting vehicles sourced on contract by the owner/ developer for building occupants
can also be considered to show credit compliance.
-Charging facilities for low-emitting vehicles include electric, Compressed Natural Gas (CNG),
bio-diesel, etc.,

69. SSP Credit 4: Natural Topography & Vegetation (2 points)
69
●Intent: Minimise disturbances or restore the site so as to reduce long-term negative
environmental impacts, thereby promoting habitat and biodiversity.

●Compliance Options:
○Option 1: Natural Topography and/or Vegetation
■Avoid disturbance to the site by retaining natural topography (and/ or) design
vegetated spaces on the ground, for at least 15% of the site area.
■Points are awarded as below:

70. SSP Credit 4: Natural Topography & Vegetation (2 points)
70
●Notes
○Retaining ‘Natural Topography’ in its broad sense means preserving the natural features
of the terrain such as exposed natural rocks, water body, etc.,
○Vegetation/ Soft landscape shall not be designed with monoculture plant species, since
such species would not promote habitat and biodiversity.
○Vegetation on the ground shall only be considered; vegetation over built structures such
as roofs, basement, podiums, etc., shall not be considered.
○Grass medians, grass pavers, jogging track, open-air theatre, parking areas, driveways,
walkways, playground, swimming pool, etc., are considered as site disturbances.
○Only native / adaptive vegetation shall be considered for this credit calculation.
○Potted plants shall not be considered as vegetation.
○Artificial vegetation shall not be considered for this credit calculation.

71. SSP Credit 4: Natural Topography & Vegetation (2 points)
71
●Compliance Options:
○Option 2: Vegetation over Built Structure
■Restore disturbed site area by designing vegetated spaces over built structures
and on the ground, for at least 30% of the site area (including development
footprint).
■Points are awarded as below:

72. SSP Credit 4: Natural Topography & Vegetation (2 points)
72
●Notes:
○Development footprint includes building footprint and other hardscapes areas such as
parking, footpaths, walkways, roads, grass medians, grass pavers, etc.,
○Vegetation/ Soft landscape shall not be designed with monoculture plant species, since
such species would not promote habitat and biodiversity.
○Vertical Landscaping to the external walls can also be considered for this credit
calculation.
○Vegetation on the ground as well as vegetation over built structures such as roofs,
basement, podiums, etc., can be considered.
○Partially vegetated areas and disturbed site areas such as grass pavers, grass medians,
jogging track, open-air theatre, playground, is considered as site disturbances and shall
not be considered.
○Only native / adaptive vegetation shall be considered for this credit calculation.
○Potted plants shall not be considered as vegetation.
○Artificial vegetation shall not be considered.

73. SSP Credit 4: Natural Topography & Vegetation (2 points)
73
●Exemplary Performance:
○The project is eligible for exemplary performance under ID Credit 1 - Innovation in Design
Process, if:
■More than 25% of the site area is left undisturbed (i.e. retained with the natural
topography and/ or vegetated) OR
■More than 50% of the site area (including development footprint) is restored by
designing vegetated spaces over built structures and on the ground.

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76. SSP Credit 5: Preservation or Transportation of Trees (1 point)
76
●Intent: Preserve existing fully grown trees and plant new tree saplings, so as to promote
habitat and biodiversity.
●
●Compliance Options:
○Case A: Preservation or Transportation of Existing Trees
■Preserve or transplant at least 75% of existing fully grown trees within the project
site / campus.
○Notes:
■Projects which cannot comply with ‘Case A’ above can show compliance through
‘Case B’ highlighted below.
■If the Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) or local authorities prescribe
stringent criteria, then the project shall comply with the respective criteria.
■Existing fully grown trees does not include those which are meant for harvesting
(eg: bamboo trees, eucalyptus trees, etc.,)

77. SSP Credit 5: Preservation or Transportation of Trees (1 point)
77
●Compliance Options:
○Case B: Plantation of Tree Saplings
■Plant tree saplings that can mature into grown up trees within the next 5 years on
the project site, as per the below criteria (including existing and transplanted trees
in the project site).

78. SSP Credit 5: Preservation or Transportation of Trees (1 point)
78
●Notes:
○Trees/ Saplings shall be in place at the time of occupancy.
○Trees transplanted from other sites to the project site can also be considered to show
credit compliance under ‘Case-B’.
○Calculation of existing fully grown trees (and / or) tree saplings on prorate basis is
allowed to show credit compliance.
○Only native / adaptive trees and tree saplings shall be considered for this credit
calculation.
○Vegetation/ Soft landscape shall not be designed with monoculture plant species, since
such species would not promote habitat and biodiversity.
○Trees / Saplings planted in pots shall not be considered for credit calculations.
○Development footprint includes building footprint and other hardscapes areas such as
parking, footpaths, walkways, roads, grass medians, grass pavers, etc.,

79. 79

80. Urban Heat Island Effect
80
●The urban heat island (UHI) effect refers to the phenomenon where urban areas experience
significantly higher temperatures than their surrounding rural areas.
●This temperature difference is most pronounced during the nighttime.
●The UHI effect is primarily caused by the unique characteristics of urban environments and
human activities.

●Here's are the factors affecting urban heat island effect:
●Urban Infrastructure: Urban areas are characterized by extensive buildings, roads, and other
infrastructure that replace natural vegetation and open spaces. These surfaces absorb and
store heat during the day, making them warmer. This is known as the "thermal mass" effect.
Unlike natural landscapes, which have a cooling effect through processes like
evapotranspiration (water loss through plants and soil) and shading, urban surfaces do not
provide the same cooling benefits.

81. Urban Heat Island Effect
81
●Reduced Vegetation: Natural vegetation in rural areas provides shade and releases moisture
through evapotranspiration, which cools the environment. In contrast, urban areas often have
fewer trees and plants due to the built environment, reducing the cooling effect.

●Human Activities: Various human activities, such as energy consumption, industrial
processes, transportation, and air conditioning, generate heat in urban areas. This additional
heat contributes to the overall temperature rise.

●Albedo Effect: Albedo refers to the reflectivity of surfaces. Urban surfaces like asphalt and
concrete have lower albedo values compared to natural surfaces, which means they absorb
more sunlight rather than reflecting it. This absorption of sunlight contributes to higher
temperatures.

82. Urban Heat Island Effect
82
●Air Pollution: Urban areas tend to have higher levels of air pollution due to vehicular
emissions, industrial processes, and other sources. Aerosols and pollutants in the air can
absorb and trap heat, contributing to the elevated temperatures in urban environments.

●Urban Geometry: The layout of buildings and streets in urban areas can affect the UHI effect.
Tall buildings can block natural ventilation and reduce air movement, trapping heat. Narrow
streets can limit airflow and inhibit heat dissipation.

●The UHI effect has several significant consequences:
○Health Impacts: Higher temperatures can lead to heat-related health issues, especially
during heatwaves, affecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly, young children,
and those with pre-existing health conditions.

83. Urban Heat Island Effect
83
●Energy Consumption: Elevated temperatures in urban areas increase the demand for air
conditioning and cooling systems, leading to higher energy consumption and related
greenhouse gas emissions.

●Environmental Impact: The altered temperature and microclimatic conditions in urban areas
can disrupt local ecosystems, impacting plant and animal species adapted to cooler
conditions.

●Quality of Life: Uncomfortable living conditions due to high temperatures can affect people's
quality of life, productivity, and overall well-being.

●To mitigate the UHI effect, urban planning and design strategies can be employed, such as
incorporating green spaces, planting trees, using reflective or cool roofing materials, and
implementing policies to reduce energy consumption and emissions. These measures can
help create more livable and sustainable urban environments.

84. SSP Credit 6: Heat Island Reduction, non-roof (2 points)
84
●Intent: Minimise heat island effect so as to reduce negative impact on micro-climate.
●
●Compliance Options:
○Option 1: Non-roof Impervious Areas
■Provide one or combination of the following, for at least 50% of exposed non-roof
impervious areas within the project site:
●Shade from existing tree cover/ newly planted saplings within 5 to 8 years of
planting
●Open grid pavers or grass pavers
●Hardscape materials (including pavers) with SRI of at least 29 (and not higher
than 64)

85. SSP Credit 6: Heat Island Reduction, non-roof (2 points)
85
●Points are awarded as below:


●Notes:
○Non-roof impervious areas include, but not limited to, footpaths, pathways, roads,
driveways, uncovered surface parking, and other impervious areas.
○Trees / Saplings shall be in place at the time of occupancy.
○SRI values of reflectance materials shall be as per ASTM Standards.
○SRI materials that are certified by CII under Green Product Certification Programme
(GreenPro) or by a third party agency approved by IGBC, can be used by the project to
show compliance.
○Exposed non-roof area need not include utility areas such as areas covered with DG
sets, transformer, STP etc
Non-roof Impervious Area as a Points Percentage of Total Non-roof Area Points
> 50% 1
> 75% 2

86. SSP Credit 6: Heat Island Reduction, non-roof (2 points)
86
●Compliance Options:
○Option 2: Covered Parking
■Provide at least 50% of the parking spaces under cover.
■Points are awarded as below:



Notes:
• ‘Parking spaces under cover’ here refers to structured covered parking.
• The exposed roof of the parking shall meet ‘Heat Island Effect - Roof’ criteria.

Percentage of Parking spaces under Cover Points
> 50% 1
> 75% 2

87. 87

88. 88

89. 89

90. 90

91. SSP Credit 7: Heat Island Reduction, roof (2 points)
91
●Intent: Minimise heat island effect so as to reduce negative impact on micro-climate.
●
●Compliance Options:
○Option 1: High Reflective Material
■Use material with a high solar reflective index to cover at least 75% of the exposed
roof area, including covered parking.
■Material with high solar reflectance index (SRI) include white / light colored broken
China mosaic tiles or white cement tiles or other high reflective materials /
coatings.

92. SSP Credit 7: Heat Island Reduction, roof (2 points)
92
●Minimum Solar Reflective Index (SRI) values for different roof types are provided below:

93. SSP Credit 7: Heat Island Reduction, roof (2 points)
93
●Compliance Options:
○Option 2: Vegetation
■Provide vegetation to cover at least 50% of the exposed roof area, including
covered parking.
■Points are awarded as below:

94. SSP Credit 7: Heat Island Reduction, roof (2 points)
94
●Compliance Options:
○Option 3: Combination of High Reflective Materials and Vegetation
■Install combination of materials with high solar reflective index and vegetation to
cover at least 75% of the exposed roof area, including covered parking.
■Points are awarded as below:

95. SSP Credit 7: Heat Island Reduction, roof (2 points)
95
●Notes
○All roof areas, including podium, covered surface parking and utility blocks, which are
exposed to the sky (at and above ground level) shall be considered for this credit
calculation.
○Exposed roof area need not include equipment platforms, areas covered with solar
photovoltaic & solar water heaters, skylights, water body, driveways, pathways, roads,
play areas etc.,
○Artificial vegetation shall not be considered.
○SRI values of high reflectance materials shall be as per ASTM Standards. Broken China
mosaic tiles are exempted from showing SRI value.

96. SSP Credit 7: Heat Island Reduction, roof (2 points)
96
●Notes
○SRI materials that are certified by CII under Green Product Certification Programme
(GreenPro) or by a third party agency approved by IGBC, can be used by the project to
show compliance.
○Pavers installed over basement shall have SRI of at least 29 (and not higher than 64).
●Exemplary Performance
○The project is eligible for exemplary performance under ID Credit 1 - Innovation in Design
Process, if more than 95% of the exposed roof area is covered with vegetation.

97. SSP Credit 8: Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction (1 points)
97
●Intent: Reduce light pollution to increase night sky access and enhance the nocturnal
environment
●Compliance Options
○Option 1: Perspective Approach
■Upward Lighting: Design exterior lighting such that no external light fixture emits
more than 5% of the total initial designed fixture Lumens, at an angle of 90 degrees
or higher from nadir (straight down). AND
■Lighting Power Density: The lighting power density should be reduced by 30% for
building facades and exterior areas vis-à-vis the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
baselines, Section 9.4.3 - Exterior Building Lighting Power (tradable & non-tradable
surfaces).

98. 98

99. Lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
99
●LZ1: Dark (Developed Areas of National Parks, State Parks, Forest Land and Rural Areas)
Design exterior lighting so that all site and building-mounted luminaires produce a maximum
initial illuminance value no greater than 0.01 horizontal and vertical footcandles (0.1
horizontal and vertical Lux) at the site boundary and beyond. Document that 0% of the total
initial designed fixture Lumens (sum total of all fixtures on site) are emitted at an angle of 90
degrees or higher from nadir (straight down).

100. Lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
100
●LZ2: Low (Areas predominantly consisting of residential zones, neighborhood business
districts,light industrial areas with limited night time use and residential mixed-use areas)
Design exterior lighting so that all site and building-mounted luminaires produce a maximum
initial illuminance value no greater than 0.1 horizontal and vertical footcandles (1.0 horizontal
and vertical Lux) at the site boundary and no greater than 0.01 horizontal footcandles (0.1
horizontal Lux) 10 feet (3 meters) beyond the site boundary. Document that no more than 2%
of the total initial designed fixture Lumens (sum total of all fixtures on site) are emitted at an
angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down).

101. Lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
101
●LZ3: Medium (All other areas not included in LZ1, LZ2 or LZ4, such as commercial/
industrial, and high-density residential)
Design exterior lighting so that all site and building-mounted luminaires produce a maximum
initial illuminance value no greater than 0.2 horizontal and vertical footcandles (2.0 horizontal
and vertical Lux) at the site boundary and no greater than 0.01 horizontal footcandles (0.1
horizontal Lux) 15 feet (4.5 meters) beyond the site. Document that no more than 5% of the
total initial designed fixture Lumens (sum total of all fixtures on site) are emitted at an angle
of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down).

102. Lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
102
●LZ4: High14 (High-activity commercial districts in major metropolitan areas)
Design exterior lighting so that all site and building-mounted luminaires produce a maximum
initial illuminance value no greater than 0.6 horizontal and vertical footcandles (6.5 horizontal
and vertical Lux) at the site boundary and no greater than 0.01 horizontal footcandles (0.1
horizontal Lux) 15 feet (4.5 meters) beyond the site. Document that no more than 10% of the
total initial designed fixture Lumens (sum total of all fixtures on site) are emitted at an angle
of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down).

103. SSP Credit 8: Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction (1 points)
103
●Notes
○Total initial designed fixture Lumens shall be based on the sum total of all fixtures
installed on site.
○Classify the project under one of the lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2010, and follow all the requirements of the respective zone. The justification shall
be provided for the selected lighting zone.
○Exterior light fixtures that are certified by by CII under Green Product Certification
Programme (GreenPro) or by a third party agency approved by IGBC can be used by the
project to show compliance.

104. SSP Credit 8: Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction (1 points)
104
●Compliance Options
○Option 2: Simulation Approach
■Upward Lighting: Design exterior lighting such that all site and building-mounted
luminaires produce a maximum initial illuminance values, as defined in ASHRAE
Standard 90.1-2010. (AND)
■Lighting Power Density: The lighting power density should be reduced by 30% for
building facades and exterior areas vis-à-vis the ASHRAE Standard 90.1-2010
baselines, Section 9.4.3 - Exterior Building Lighting Power (tradable & non-tradable
surfaces).

105. SSP Credit 8: Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction (1 points)
105
●Notes
○Classify the project under one of the lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2010, and follow all the requirements of the respective zone. The justification shall
be provided for the selected lighting zone.
○Exterior light fixtures that are certified by by CII under Green Product Certification
Programme (GreenPro) or by a third party agency approved by IGBC can be used by the
project to show compliance.

106. SSP Credit 8: Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction (1 points)
106
●Notes
○Classify the project under one of the lighting zones, as defined in ASHRAE Standard
90.1-2010, and follow all the requirements of the respective zone. The justification shall
be provided for the selected lighting zone.
○Exterior light fixtures that are certified by by CII under Green Product Certification
Programme (GreenPro) or by a third party agency approved by IGBC can be used by the
project to show compliance.

107. SSP Credit 9: Universal Design (1 point)
107
●Intent: Ensure that the building design caters to differently abled and senior citizens
●Compliance Options: Design the building / campus to provide the following, for differently
abled and senior citizens in accordance with the guidelines of the National Building Code
(NBC) of India 2005:
○Appropriately designed preferred car park spaces having an easy access to the main
entrance or closer to the lift lobby. (Provide at least one car park space for the first 100
car park spaces and one additional for every 250 car park spaces thereafter or as
defined by local byelaw).E
○Easy access to the main entrance of the building.
○Non-slippery ramps, with handrails on at least one side (as applicable).
○Braille and audio assistance in lifts for visually impaired people.

108. SSP Credit 9: Universal Design (1 point)
108
●Seating area near lift lobbies.
●Uniformity in floor level for hindrance-free movement in common areas & exterior areas.
●Restrooms (toilets) in common areas designed for differently abled people. (Provide at
least one restroom in the building or as defined by the local byelaw, in an easily
accessible location)
●Main walkways / pathways with adequate width in exterior areas.
●Visual warning signage in common areas & exterior areas.

109. SSP Credit 10: Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce (1 point)
109
●Intent: Promote welfare of the construction workforce by providing safe and healthy work
conditions
●Compliance Options: Provide basic facilities for construction workforce to exceed the
guidelines of ‘The Building and other Construction Workers Act, 1996 & Rules, 1998’.
○Adequate housing to meet or exceed local / labour byelaw requirement.
○Sanitary facilities: Provide at least 3 toilet seats & 3 urinals for the first 100 workers and
one additional toilet seat & urinal for every 100 workers thereafter (or) as defined by
local / labour byelaw. (The sanitary measures should be provided separately for men
and women).
○First-aid and emergency facilities.
○Adequate drinking water facilities.

110. SSP Credit 10: Basic Facilities for Construction Workforce (1 point)
110
●Personal protective equipment (by owner / contractor).
●Dust suppression measures.
●Adequate illumination levels in construction work areas.
●Site emergency alarm.
●Day care/ crèche facility for workers’ children. (Only if, more than 50 female building workers
are employed full time)

The project can consider ‘Constructional Practices and Safety Guidelines’ from National Building
Code (NBC) of India 2005, Part 7 - Constructional Practices and Safety.

111. SSP Credit 11: Green Building Guidelines (1 point)
111
●Intent: Provide building occupants, prospective tenants, and the facility team with descriptive
guidelines that educate and help them implement and maintain green design features.
●Compliance Options:
○Case A: Owner-occupied Buildings - Develop & publish the following:
■Project specific green building guidelines providing information that helps building
occupants to implement and utilise the green features, post occupancy.
■Project specific green building renovation guidelines providing information that
helps developer facilities team to implement green features, during the building
renovation process.

112. SSP Credit 11: Green Building Guidelines (1 point)
112
●Compliance Options:
○Case B: Tenant-occupied Buildings
■Design Stage: Include green design features proposed in the project brochures, as
applicable. (Refer Exhibit - A)
■Post-occupancy Stage: Develop & publish the following:
●Project specific green building guidelines providing information that helps
tenants to implement and utilise the green features, post occupancy.
●Project specific green building renovation guidelines providing information
that helps facilities team to implement green features, during the building
renovation process.

113. Exhibit A
113
●Basic Amenities
●Proximity to Public Transport
●Low-emitting Vehicles
●Natural Topography or Vegetation
●Preservation or Transplantation of Trees
●Heat Island Reduction, Non-roof
●Heat Island Reduction, Roof
●Outdoor Light Pollution Reduction
●Universal Design
●Rainwater Harvesting, Roof & Non-roof
●Water Efficient Plumbing Fixtures
●Management of Irrigation Systems
●Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
●Water Metering
●Energy Efficiency
●Ozone Depleting Substances
●Eco-friendly Refrigerants
●On-site Renewable Energy
●Energy Metering and Monitoring
●Segregation of Waste, Post occupancy
●Sustainable Building Materials
●Organic Waste Management, Post occupancy

114. Exhibit A
114
●Use of Certified Green Building Materials, Products & Equipments
●Minimum Fresh Air Ventilation
●Tobacco Smoke Control
●CO2 Monitoring
●Daylighting
●Outdoor Views
●Minimise Indoor & Outdoor Pollutants
●Low-emitting Materials?????? Occupant Well-being Facilities
●Indoor Air Quality Testing, After Construction and Before Occupancy
●Indoor Air Quality Management, During Construction

115. Thank
you!
@DrRohanDasgupta

115