Gross Features of the Earth

This is the first lesson discussed on my course Geography and Natural Resources of the Philippines

1. Gross Features of the by AJ Fhol G. Calicdan and Christian Sebastian EARTH

2. How much do you know about the Earth?

3. AN OVERVIEW Earth, also known as the world , is the third planet from the Sun. The only object in the Universe known to harbour life.

4. AN OVERVIEW The densest and the LARGEST amongst terrestrial planets. EARTH VENUS MERCURY MARS

5. AN OVERVIEW Earth formed around 4.5 billion years ago. 29% of it is visible land. 71% of its surface is covered in water.

6. How did the Earth formed?

7. FORMATION Earth formed when gravity pulled swirling gas and dust in to become the third planet from the sun

8. What is the shape of the Earth?

9. SHAPE The shape of Earth is approximately oblate spheroidal. Earth is 40 075 km around at its widest point, the equator.

10. SIZE and D i s t a n c e

11. SIZE AND DISTANCE With a radius of 6,371 kilometres, Earth is the biggest of the terrestrial planets, and the fifth largest planet overall.

12. SIZE AND DISTANCE From an average distance of 93 million miles (150 million kilometers ), EARTH IS EXACTLY ONE ASTRONOMICAL UNIT AWAY FROM THE SUN.

13. Orbit and Rotation

14. ORBIT AND ROTATION As Earth orbits the sun, it completes one rotation every 23.9 hours .

15. ORBIT AND ROTATION It takes 365.25 days to complete one trip around the sun.

16. ORBIT AND ROTATION Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.4 degrees with respect to the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun.

17. Chemical Composition

18. Chemical Composition Earth’s mass is approximately 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. or 5.97×10^24 kg

19. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION It is composed mostly of the following: iron (32.1%) oxygen (30.1%) silicon (15.1%) magnesium (13.9%) sulfur (2.9%) nickel (1.8%) calcium (1.5%), a luminium (1.4%),

20. Internal Structure

21. INTERNAL STRUCTURE Earth is composed of four main layers, starting with an inner core at the planet's centre, enveloped by the outer core, mantle and crust.

22. INTERNAL STRUCTURE CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

23. INTERNAL STRUCTURE CRUST

24. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust It is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only 8 kilometers thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 32 kilometers thick under the continents (continental crust).

25. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 870 degrees Celsius in the deepest parts of the crust.

26. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust The crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.

27. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust

28. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust

29. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust

30. INTERNAL STRUCTURE MANTLE

31. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the mantle It is the largest layer of the Earth, 2896 kilometres thick . The temperature of the mantle varies from 871 degrees Celsius at the top to about 2204 degrees Celsius near the bottom.

32. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the mantle The mantle is composed of very hot, dense rock. This layer of rock even flows like asphalt under a heavy weight Because of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water.

33. THE MANTLE

34. INTERNAL STRUCTURE OUTER CORE

35. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core The core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. (2204 degrees C. to 4982 degrees C.) The outer core is located about 2896 km. beneath the crust and is about 2253 km thick. It is composed of the melted metals nickel and iron.

36. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core

37. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core

38. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core

39. INTERNAL STRUCTURE INNER CORE

40. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the inner core The inner core is solid in state . The inner core begins about 6437 km beneath the crust and is about 1287 km thick.

41. INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the inner core The temperatures may reach 4982 degree C. and the pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch . This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!

42. Gross Features of the by AJ Fhol G. Calicdan and Christian Sebastian EARTH