GROUP 6- Naturalism-and-Idealism.pptx philo

Philosophy ppt

1. ANNIE LYN A. MONTER

2. Western Schools of Philosophy NATURALISM

3. NATURALISM - is a doctrine that separates nature from God, Subordinates spirit to matter, and sets up unchangeable laws as supreme. - Naturalistic philosophy defines life regarding material and chemical laws and emphasizes the relationship between power, speed, and matter as the nature of causal relationships. - is an artistic movement advocating realistic description: in art or literature, a movement or school advocating factual or realistic description of life, including its less pleasant aspects.

4. Metaphysical Position * Concept of God - Naturalist God is within Nature * Concept of Self - Naturalists are not much interested in the concept of the soul of man.

5. Naturalism in Education - means the development of a child according to his inherent nature. Physical nature is external and the nature of the child is internal which means the basic instinct, impulses, tendencies, capacities, and other in born potentialities of the child.

6. Characteristics of Naturalistic Education Back to nature Education is a natural necessity Education-development of the natural life Freedom of the child Child centered educational process

7. Methods of Teaching Learning by doing Learning by experience Learning by play as the basis of teaching * Naturalism prescribed * Modern methods of teaching Observation Method Experimental Method Play way method Heuristics method Montessori method

8. Aims of Education Self-expression Perfection of human machine Preparation for struggle of life Development of individuality

9. - Naturalist do not like that children should be taught in classes by teachers who are spoiled by the artificial atmosphere teacher, in whose close contact the child develops normally and naturally. * Teacher * Discipline - Nature will punish the child if he contravenes the law of nature and thus he will learn by the consequences of his own action.

10. No rigid curriculum – naturalism does not advocate any rigid or fixed type of curriculum. Sciences – naturalists believe in science subjects like Physics, chemistry, zoology, and botany. They also give due importance to Mathematics and languages. Focal point * Curriculum * School - The organization of the school is rigid, controlled and artificial, and as such the growth and development of children is stunted and spoiled. Thus they assert that school environment should be completely free, flexible and without any rigidity.

11. One-sided and unsatisfying aims of education Emphasis on present needs Ignores books More important to scientific subjects in curriculum * Evaluation of Naturalism

12. Western Schools of Philosophy REALISM

13. REALISM - the external world of objects is not imaginary. - “Our experience is not independent but determines the reaction to the external objects. Experiences are influenced by the external world which has real existence.”

14. REALISM in Education - “The realist enters his emphatic protest against a cleavage between the work of the school and the life of the world outside it.” - “Education is that which makes a man happy by getting acquainted with real circumstances of life, create capacity for struggling with adverse situation in life. Realistic education is connected with the needs of life.” - “The doctrine of realism asserts that there is a real world of things behind and corresponding to the objects of our perception”- Ross. - “Realism is the reinforcement of our common acceptance of this world as it appears to us”- Butler.

15. REALISM in Education - Realism is based on reality. By realistic education is meant that education should be able to make the life of a man happy and successful. Realism has given emphasis to liberal education. - According to Milton, “I call a generous and complete education that which fits a man to perform justly, skillfully and magnanimously all the offices both private and public, at peace and war”. - “Education is the preparation of life” According to Spencer

16. Hence realistic system of education throws light on all the aspects of education which are as follows 1. Preparing the child for a happy and successful life 2. Preparing the child for a real life 3. Developing the physical and mental powers of child 4. Developing and Training of senses 5. Acquitting the child with nature and social environment 6. Imparting vocational education

17. REALISM and Curriculum - Nature study, physical sciences and vocational training are given primary importance in the scheme of curriculum of realism. - Comenius divided the educational period of the child into 4 stages and suggested curriculum and textbooks for each stage. He thought that all those things which are useful to the child in his life, the knowledge of these things must be given to the child.

18. REALISM and Methods of Teaching * Realism gives more emphasis to sense training. Lominius emphasized the importance of sense training in education. • Milton emphasized the importance of traveling in education. • Locke emphasized the importance of observation and experimentation. • Inductive – Deductive method is also advocated by them

19. Merits of Realism 1. It lays emphasis on practical knowledge 2. The aim of the development of a dynamic and adaptable mind 3. Due importance to science and technology 4. Progressive methods of teaching 5. Proper concept of discipline 6. Emphasis on objectivity 7. Development of proper attitudes among the student 8. Physical health 9. Instructions are given on a uniform scientific method 10. Emphasis on vocational education is in tune with the modern conditions and aspirations of societ ,

20. Thank you…….