GROUP G. .pptx

Mental health

1. BIPOLAR DISORDERS

2. Objectives At the end of this presentation every student should able to ; Define bipolar disorders Types of bipolar disorder Epidemiology and prevalence Etiology of bipolar disorders Signs and symptoms of bipolar disorders treatment of bipolar disorders

3. Introduction Bipolar disorders is a mental illness that characterized by extremely mood swings that can range from highly elevated or manic episodes to depressive episodes . It is chronic condition that affects a person ability mood, energy, activity levels and ability to function normally

4. Types of bipolar disorders Bipolar 1 disorder Bipolar 2 disorder

5. Bipolar 1 Bipolar 1 disorder is the type of bipolar disorder that characterized by episodes of mixed episodes(manic and depressive symptoms) that lasts at least one week for manic and two weeks for depressive and and are so severe they often require hospitalization.

6. Bipolar 2 This type is characterized by hypo manic episodes that last at least for four [4] days and depressive episodes that last for at least two weeks.

7. Epidemiology and prevalence According to WHO bipolar disorder affects approximately 45 millions worldwide people with prevalence of 1% . Bipolar type 1 contributing 0.6% and type 2 is 0.4%

8. Etiology of bipolar disorders The exactly cause of bipolar disorders are not fully understood but it is believed combination of genetics , biochemical and environmental Genetics Children born with parents having history are four to six times more likely to develop illness, compared to children who do not have a family history of bipolar disorder.

9. Environmental factors Stressful life events, substances use and sleep distractions can contribute Biochemical factors Brain chemistry play a role as imbalances in certain neurotransmitters such as serotonin and nor epinephrine have been linked to manic and depressive episodes

10. Signs and symptoms of bipolar disorders Manic episodes: is the period of intense energy , euphoria that lasts for one week Signs and symptoms Increased energy activities and restlessness Racing thoughts and rapid speech Grandiosity Poor decision making

11. Hypo manic episodes: Is similar to manic but less severe ,it does not cause significant impairment in social or occupation functioning. The following are signs and symptoms Increased energy and activity Euphoria Impulsive behavior

12. Depressive episodes: is the period of intense sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest activities that usually bring pleasure Signs and symptoms include Persistent sadness or anxiety Filling guilty or worthlessness Fatigue Difficult in concentrating or decision making

13. Cont… Change in appetite Thought of death or suicide Mixed episodes: these are episodes in which symptoms of mania and depression occur at the same time leading to irritability and agitation and difficult in sleeping

14. cont Psychotic symptoms: in some cases bipolar disorders can cause hallucination and delusions

15. Treatment and management The management and treatment of bipolar disorders include combination of medication, psychotherapy and life style changes and support network ; Medication; mood stabilizers such as lithium , carbamazepine and valproic acid , antipsychotic medication such as olanzapine , risperidone , quetiapine , antidepressants may be used but cautiously in a combination with mood stabilizers .

16. Cont.. Psychotherapy Cognitive behavioral therapy can also help to identify and change negative thoughts patterns and behavior, manage stress and improve communication skills . Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy can help individual with bipolar disorder to establish regular sleep patterns , exercise and other activities

17. Cont… life style changes Practicing good sleep pattern ,eating a healthy diet avoiding drugs and alcohol and regular exercises can help to stabilize mood and reduce symptoms support network , encourage individual to build strong support and network of friends ,family ,or peer support groups can help manage disorder.

18. First aid of psychiatry(PDF Drive.com) Bipolar disorder www.mayoclinic.org Clinical practice Guidlines for management of bipolar disorder www.ncbi.nlm.gov

19. GROUP MEMBERS PASCHAL BENO NEEMA LOHAY FREDINAND PILATO JESTINA MGINA MHIDINI MPUKU

20. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION