GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS.pptx

Milestones represent the achievement of various biological functions within a given age range. Children's developmental milestones includes several aspects:
Physical Growth
Motor Skills
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Cognitive Progress
Language Acquisition
Social Development

1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MILESTONES IN INFANTS Mr. Pradeep Abothu, M.Sc (N), PhD Scholar, Associate Professor, Dept. of Child Health(N) ASRAM College Of Nursing

2. Milestones represent the achievement of various biological functions within a given age range. Children's developmental milestones includes several aspects: Physical Growth Motor Skills Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Cognitive Progress Language Acquisition Social Development

3. A. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFANTS (FROM BIRTH TO 1 YEAR) The infant stage is characterized by remarkable physical development, as babies rapidly grow and reach key milestones such as crawling, standing, and their first words. The following milestones are observed during the infancy period.

4. Growth and Development from birth to 3 months: Aspect Milestones Physical Development Newborns weigh around 2.5 kg at birth, with a potential 10% weight decrease in the initial 10 days . Length ranges from 45-50 cm, growing 2-2.5 cm per month in the first six months. Head circumference is about 33-35 cm at birth, increasing by approximately 1.5 cm per month. Chest circumference is roughly 31-33 cm. Vital signs include a pulse rate of 130 bpm, respiration rate of 35 breaths/min, and blood pressure at 80/50 mm/hg. Various reflexes are present in newborns.

5. Cont.… Aspect Milestones Gross Motor A new born baby is in a flexed (Bent) position. When put on their back the head is not in midline. Child is able to lift head up to 45° when placed on their tummies between 15 days-2 months. The child gets a complete head control by 3 months

6. Cont.… Aspect Milestones Fine Motor New born baby’s hands are fisted. Child holds a placed rattle by 2 months. Child can bring both hands together in the centre by 2.5 to 4 months of age.

7. Cont.… Aspect Milestones Cognitive Child develops eye contact and indicates different needs. Watches hands. Explores environment by looking around. Anticipates routines. Looks to find for caregiver. Speech & Language Child responds to different sounds. Child will develop differential cry. Will make cooing sound Social & Emotional Can be comforted by a familiar adult. Respond positively to touch. Smile and show pleasure in response to social stimulation

8. Growth and Development from 4 to 6months: Aspect Milestones Physical Development 4 th Month: Drooling signals the start of saliva production; Tonic neck and rooting reflexes diminish. 5th Month: Weight almost doubles from birth, can breathe through the mouth when the nose is blocked. 6th Month: Weight increases by 300-400 grams monthly for the next 6 months. Length grows about 1.25 centimetres monthly.

9. Cont.… Aspect Milestones Gross Motor Child pulls self to sitting position between 3.5 to 5 months of age. Child is able to sit in a tripod position by 4.5 to 6 months. Fine Motor Child can shake a rattle. Holds cube between two hands. Can hold one cube in each hand. Transfers object from one hand to another.

10. Cont.… Aspect Milestones Cognitive Repeats hitting at dangling objects. Applies Trial and error method of problem solving. Looks for dropped object. Speech & Language Child recognizes mother’s voice. Looks toward person talking to him. Laughs

11. Aspect Milestones Social & Emotional Play peek-a-boo. Pays attention to own name. Stretches arm to be picked up Smiles spontaneously. Laugh aloud. Pats mirror image. Cont.…

12. Aspect Milestones Red Flags Not rolling over by 6 months. Limited or no cooing or babbling by 6 months. Difficulty swallowing or excessive drooling. Lack of interest in toys or objects. Slow or inadequate weight gain. Lack of response to visual or auditory stimuli. Cont.…

13. Growth and Development from 7 to 9 months: Aspect Milestones Physical Development 7th Month: Parachute reflex appears, Final colour of the iris is determined, starts mashing food with jaws. 8th Month: Establishes predictable bladder and bowel movement pattern, Eruption of upper central incisors. 9th Month: Upper lateral incisors begin to emerge.

14. Aspect Milestones Gross Motor Child Rolls from back to tummy and tummy to back, both ways between 6- 8.5 Months. The child is able to sit well between 6.5 to 8 months. Child Creeps on the abdomen. Cont.…

15. Aspect Milestones Fine Motor Holds objects using the thumb side of the hand. Points at object using index finger. Hold an object using thumb and first 2 fingers. Cognitive Searches for hidden toy. Drops one or both objects held in hand to obtain a third object. Cont.…

16. Aspect Milestones Speech & Language Turn head to the side from where the sound is coming. Child responds to name call. Understands the word “no” Produces early babbling, frequently heard sounds like “ baba, dada Cont.…

17. Aspect Milestones Social & Emotional Express several clearly differentiated emotions. Distinguish friends from strangers. Respond actively to language and gestures. Show displeasure at the loss of a toy Cont.…

18. Growth and Development from 9 to 12 months: Aspect Milestones Physical Development 10th Month: Drooling stops, macula fully develops for precise visual discrimination. 11th Month: Sleeps 14-16 hours daily, still taking naps. 12th Month: Weight triples from birth, height increases by about 50%, typically has 6-8 deciduous teeth.

19. Aspect Milestones Gross Motor The child is able to sit up from lying position between 9 to 11 months. Child starts Crawling between 9 to 11 months. Child pulls himself/ herself to standing between 8 to 10 months. Walks with one hand held at 9 months. Catches rolling ball at 9 month. Cont.…

20. Aspect Milestones Fine Motor Turns 2-3 pages of a book at a time. Holds crayon or chalk and attempts fisted scribbling. Holds bottle. Cont.…

21. Aspect Milestones Cognitive Pushes button of switches, toys, gadgets. Shows interest in picture books. Watches activities of others with interest. Cont.…

22. Aspect Milestones Speech & Language Starts following simple commands like “come here”, “Put that Down”. Social & Emotional Claps hands and waves good-bye. Offers something to an adult but will not let go. Hugs doll or animal. Mimic simple actions. Show anxiety when separated from primary caregiver. Cont.…

23. Aspect Milestones Red Flags Inability to sit independently by 9 months. Not crawling or pulling up to stand by 12 months. Limited or no babbling, gestures, or attempts to communicate by 12 months. Lack of response to name or gestures by 9 months. No single words by 12 months. Lack of interest in trying solid foods by 9-12 months. Cont.…

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