Gsatritis

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1. G astritis

2. Objectives At the end of this presentation learners will be able to Define gastritis Discuss types of gastritis What are the causes of gastritis What are the sign & symptoms of gastritis Discuss the prevention and treatment of gastritis What are the nursing diagnosis & intervevention for gastritis

3. Gastritis Gastritis is an inflammation, irritation or erosion of the stomach mucosa. Inflammation of the whole stomach is called PANGASTRITIS  and an inflammation of a part of stomach is called  ANTRAL GASTRITIS .

4. Types of Gastritis Gastritis can broadly be divided into acute gastritis and chronic gastritis. Acute gastritis Acute gastritis is a sudden inflammation of the lining of the stomach. Acute gastritis can be divided in to Acute superficial gastritis Acute Erosive gastritis Acute gastric ulceration                

5. Cont…. Chronic gastritis It is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach that occurs gradually and persists for a prolonged time. Chronic gastritis can divided into: 1. Type A chronic gastritis (autoimmune gastritis) 2. Type B chronic gastritis (bacteria induced gastritis) 3. Type C chronic gastritis (chemical induced gastritis)

6. Aetiology Bacterial infections Non- steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) Autoimmune Bile reflux disease Stress Alcohol addiction Cocaine Radiation and chemotherapy

7. Sign & Symptoms Abdominal pain and burning, often in the upper center of the abdomen called the epigastric area Bloating Weight loss Belching Indigestion Anorexia Nausea & vomiting Hiccups

8. Conti…. Severe gastritis can lead to life-threatening symptoms including: Severe chest pain Feeling faint or short of breath Severe abdominal pain Sudden onset of bloody stools (blood may be red, black or tarry in texture) Vomiting blood or black material ( resembling coffee)

9. Diagnosis Gastritis is diagnosed on the basis of medical history and physical examinations of the patient and the following tests: Blood test Stool test Upper gastrointestinal X ray Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy

10. Treatment Antacids   H2 Receptor Blockers  Proton Pump Inhibiters Antibiotics Antidiarrheal Agents

11. Prevention Eating habits Avoid alcohol Don't smoke Maintain a healthy weight Exercise regularly Manage stress

12. Complications Gastrointestinal hemorrhage Pernicious anemia Increased risk of stomach cancer Malnutrition due to lack of appetite, discomfort, and decreased nutritional intake Perforated gastric ulcer, which can lead to bleeding Severe discomfort or pain Septecemia

13. Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Interventions 1. Pain (acute / chronic) associated with inflammation or irritation of the gastric mucosa due to increased gastric acid . Nursing Interventions for Pain - Gastritis : Assess the patient's general condition Assess vital signs Assess pain scale Provide a quiet environment and comfortable Teach relaxation techniques Analgesic

14. 2. I mbalanced Nutrition, Less than body requirements related to anorexia and vomiting Nursing Interventions for Imbalanced Nutrition Less Than Body Requirements – Gastritis Allow clients to choose foods (low-calorie foods are not allowed) Specify the time to eat, serve food, and eating time limit; inform the client that if the food is not eaten during the time that has been provided, will be the replacement of other feeding methods. When food is not eaten, do feeding through a tube, (NGT)