Guidance and counceling hpu b.ed iv sem paper xx

This ppt is according to the syllabus of Himachal Pradesh University B ed 4th sem .helpful for all the students who are in b ed 4th sem

Sources : Internet and with the help of other study material

1. Himachal Pradesh University B.ED IV SEM Paper XX Presented By ALKA SOOD 5/10/2020 1 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED

2. GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 5/10/2020 2 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED

3. SYLLABUS Unit –I: Concept of Guidance 1. Guidance: Meaning, need and scope; Role of school and Teacher in Guidance program. 2. Objectives, principles, procedures, issues and problems of Guidance. 3. Types of Guidance: Educational, Vocational and Personal. 4. Testing Techniques (Intelligence, Aptitude, Personality, Inventory and Achievement Test) and Non-testing Techniques (Observation, Interview, Case Study and Cumulative Record 5/10/2020 3 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED

4. INTRODUCTION ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 4 Guidance & counselling are twin concepts & have emerged as essential elements of every educational activity. Guidance & counselling are not synonymous term. Counselling is a part of guidance. Guidance, in educational context, means to indicate, point out, show the way, lead out & direct. Counselling is a specialized service of guidance. It is the process of helping individuals learn more about themselves & their present & possible future situations to make a substantial contribution to the society. 5/10/2020 4

5. DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 5 Guidance is an assistance made available by a competent counselor to an individual of any age to help him direct his own life, develop his own point of view, make his own decision & carry his own burden. - Hamrin & Erikson Guidance is a process of helping every individual, through his own effort to discover & develop his potentialities for his personal happiness & social usefulness. - Ruth Strang 5/10/2020 5

6. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED Providing the needed information & assistance Helping in individual to make wise choices Improve the understanding of self Facilitate the adjustment Helps in adapting to the changes or new environment Making self-sufficient & independent 6 5/10/2020 6

7. PURPOSES OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED Efficient use of capabilities & talent Promote the optimal personal & professional development Balanced physical, psychological, emotional, social & spiritual growth Helps in overall development & to live productive life 7 5/10/2020 7

8. Other functions of guidance and counselling … ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 8 To provide optimum development & well-being for individual. To help individuals adjust to themselves & the society. To help people understand themselves in relation to the world. To aid individuals in efficient decision making. To help individuals plan for a productive life in their social context by focusing on their assets, skills, strengths & possibilities for further development. To bring about changes in the attitude & behavior of individuals. 5/10/2020 8

9. CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDANCE It is process It is a continuous process Choice & problem points are the distinctive concerns of guidance It is the assistance to the individual in the process of development rather than a direction of that development Guidance is a service meant for all Guidance is both generalized & a specialized service ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 9 5/10/2020

10. Count… Guidance is an organized service & not an incidental activity of the school. Guidance is not a branch of any discipline Guidance bas limits Guidance is more an art than science Guidance bas its roots in the education system Guidance is centered around the needs & aspirations of students. ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 10 5/10/2020

11. SCOPE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING 14 Guidance & counselling for personal needs/problems Guidance & counselling for educational needs/problems Guidance & counselling for physical, emotional, social, moral & marital problems Guidance & counselling for vocational, occupational & professional needs Guidance & counselling for career advancement Guidance & counselling for holistic individual development Guidance & counselling ww f w o .d r rja s ye it sh u pa a t t id i a o r.b n lo a gs l po p t. r co o m ble 9/ m 20/ s 2013 5/10/2020 11 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED

12. NEED OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 12 I. Need s for personal & social domain Personal & social development of individual To adapt in different stages of development Offering art of better living Proper use of leisure time Holistic personality development Best use of available opportunities Motivates for effective utilization & development of self 5/10/2020

13. NEED OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 13 II. Needs for educational/professional domain Helps in academic growth & development Helps in vocational & professional maturity Facilitates an individual in the right education & profession Offer help to handle educational & professional situations Helps in the proper utilization of human resources Helps in adapting to the changing concept of education Prepares to adapt in changing professional situations & emerging challenges Helps in making proper career choice Helps to minimize indiscipline 5/10/2020

14. FUNCTIONS OF GUIDANCE AND COUNCELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 14 Adjustmental Orientation Developmental 5/10/2020

15. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 15 According to Crow and Crow: All-round development of individuals Principles of individual differences Guidance is related to every aspect of life Cooperating among persons Guidance is a continuous & lifelong process Guidance for all Principles of elaboration Responsibility of teachers & parents Flexibility Principles of evaluation Guidance by a trained person Principle of periodic appraisal 5/10/2020

16. PRINCIPLES OF GUIDANCE ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 16 According to Hollies and Hollies: The dignity of the individual is supreme. Each individual is different from every other individual. The primary concern of guidance is the individual, in his social setting. The attitude & personal perceptions of the individual are the basis on which he acts. The individual generally acts to enhance his perceived self. The individual has the innate ability to learn. the individual needs a continuous guidance process from early childhood through adulthood. Each individual may need the information & personalized assistance given by competent professional personnel at some time. 5/10/2020

17. TYPES/AREAS OF GUIDANCE SERVICES ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 17 Types of G u i d a n c e Services Personal gu i d a nce Educationa l guidance Social guid a nce V ocational guidance Health gu i d a nce A v ocational guidance 5/10/2020

18. Tools for GUIDANCE services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 18 I. Nontesting tools II. Psychological tests 5/10/2020

19. Tools for counselling services… 34 www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com 9/20/2013 Observation It is careful watching or monitoring of the counselee by the counsellor with a specific objective in mind Checklist A is used to identify the presence or absence of specific attributes or skills of a particular expected behavior in students. Anecdotal record It consists of recording an important incident that happened & is a carefully recorded snapshot of the incident Rating Scale It is better tools to assess the degree or extent of the performance of a particular task or the possession of a trait. I. Nontesting tools Interview It is an interaction between the counsellor & counselee with a definite objective in mind Cumulative record It is a method of recording & providing meaningful, significant & comprehensive information about an individual, over a year. Sociometry It is used to measure sociability or the social distance between students or members of a g r o u p Autobiography & diary It may also provide useful information about students. 5/10/2020 19 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED

20. Tools for counselling services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 20 II. Psychological tests Personality tests Eg; The Rorschach & The Minnesota Aptitude tests Eg; Specialize aptitude test & General aptitude test Ac h ie v eme n t tests Eg; Cooperative test, College Board series, English reading test Interest inventory tests Eg; Blank and Kuder preference inventory Study habit inventory tests Eg; The Brown- Holtzman survey of study habit 5/10/2020

21. UNIT II COUNCELING 1. Meaning, Objectives, Principles and Types of Counseling. 2. Approaches of Counseling: Directive, Non-directive and Eclectic. 3. Techniques of Counseling. 4. Organization of Counseling in Schools and Role of Counselor 5/10/2020 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 21

22. DEFINITION OF COUNSELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 22 Counseling is essentially a process in which the counselor assists the counselee to make interpretations of facts relating to a choice, plan or adjustment which he needs to make. - Glenn F. Smith Counseling is a series of direct contacts with the individual which aims to offer him assistance in changing his attitude & behaviors. - Carl Rogers 5/10/2020 22

23. CHARACTERISTS OF COUNSELLING ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 23 Counselling involves two individuals-one seeking help & the other a professionally trained person who can help the first. There should be a relationship of mutual respect between the two individuals. Counselling is aimed at bringing about desired changes in the individual for self-realisation & providing assistance to solve problems through an intimate personal relationship. The counselor discovers the problems of the counselee & help him to set up realistic goals 5/10/2020

24. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 24 If counselee is a student, counselling helps him to take a decision, make a choice or find a direction in matters related to an educational programme or career. It helps the counselee acquire independence & develop a sense of responsibility. It is more than advice giving. It involves something more than offering an assistance to find a solution to an immediate problems. Counselling is democratic. Counselling concerns itself with attitudes as well as actions Counselling is centered around the needs & aspirations of students 5/10/2020

25. ORGANIZATION OF COUNSELLING SEVICES ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 25 Types or forms of the organization of counselling services in educational institutions are: Centralization counselling services: (The entire responsibilities of the guidance & counselling services is vested upon a group of trained personnel of the department of guidance & counselling services ) II. Decentralization counselling services: (The responsibilities of the counselling services is vested upon teachers III. Combination of centralized & decentralized counselling services: (In this mixed form, guidance & counselling services are provided by teachers & expert collectively.) 5/10/2020

26. Purposes of organization counselling services … ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 26 To help individuals with normal development problems. To help individuals through a temporary crisis during the different stages of life. To identify signs of disturbed behavior at early stage, so manage it. To refer critical cases to specialists for best possible management. To facilitate communication within & between nursing institutions & homes. To support not only the tutors/nursing faculty who are helping individuals but also who themselves want guidance & reassurance at times. 5/10/2020

27. Ingredients of counseling services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 27 1. The Admission Service (Admitting the right candidates for the right course, selecting those candidates most likely) 2.The Orientation Service (A “welcome service” as it is concerned with welcoming fresher's to the world of nursing ) 4.The Information Service (Information provide usually related to Education, occupational & personal- social ) 3.The Student Information Service (Assist the student to obtain a realistic picture of his abilities, interests, personality characteristics , achievements, levels of aspiration , state of health, etc.) 5/10/2020

28. Ingredients of counseling services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 28 5.The Counselling Service (understand what he can do & what he should do, handle his difficulties in a rational way, make his own decision, etc.) 6.The Placement Service (Help students to be in proper scholastic track, to realize their career expectations, organize campus selection interviews, provide information regarding current trends, etc. ) 8.The follow-up Service (it is that review or systematic evaluation which is carried out to find out whether guidance services in particular & educational programme in general satisfies the needs of the students. ) 7.The Remedial Service (it is mainly oriented towards helping students to improve their study habits, improve their adjustment in the clinical area, reducing stress, etc.) 5/10/2020

29. Ingredients of counseling services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 29 9.The Research Service (It is intended to examine both the personnel in the college guidance programme & the techniques of guidance used by them so as to discover their strong & weak points & ultimately strengthen the whole programme .) 10.The Evaluation Service (it determines the effectiveness & efficiency of the guidance programme, less number of dropouts, harmonious relationship between teachers & students, good result, well placed passed out students, sense of security, etc. ) 5/10/2020

30. Basic components of Counselling services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 30 O r ga n izatio n a l set-up Counselling centre C o un se l l i n g committee Tools for c o un se l l i n g services Re q u i r e m e n t of counselling services 5/10/2020

31. Organizational set-up… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 31 At universities: Deans are assisted by head of departments of psychology & education, the guidance committee & counselling officer. For constituent colleges: A counselling officer assisted by the guidance committee in cooperation with the deputy chief & academic advisor can plan according to their needs & number of students. (<1000 students need a liaison officer while >1000 students need an assistant counselling officer .) For affiliated colleges : A counselling officer assisted by the guidance committee & a vocational guidance officer are needed for > 1000 students while a liaison officer only can manage the counselling services for <1000 students 5/10/2020

32. Counselling centre… All universities & large colleges should have a counselling centre headed by a trained professional, i.e, a counselling officer with PhD or a master’s degree in psychology & counselling, with considerable experience. It perform following functions: Physical & psychological ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 32 Selection, registration & orientation of students Educational & vocational counselling Personal adjustment counselling services Remedial services Residence & food services Activities programme 5/10/2020

33. Counselling committee… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 33 The guidance committee serves the following purposes: It establishes & maintains policies related to guidance & counselling services. It articulates the programme between the institution & the community. It act in a planning capacity to ensure that the various functions of guidance are properly coordinated. It helps to clarify particular roles & offers support when these roles are challenged. It serves as a source of ideas & recommendations to be submitted to appropriate bodies. 5/10/2020

34. Co un t … ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 34 Members of the counseling committee: Administrator principal/Dean Counselling/Liaison officer Deputy chief of counselling section Counselling personnel/ Counselor Vocational guidance officer Teacher/Faculty from different department/ Specialties Hostel warden/ Librarian Students representatives Parents 5/10/2020

35. Specific requirements for the organization of counselling services… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 35 Presence of physical facilities, i.e. rooms, furniture & other equipment needed for the guidance & counselling department. Provide of private officers as well as general counselling rooms. Trained counsellor & guidance personnel Planned programmes to meet objectives Consultation services Evaluation instruments like psychological tests, inventories, etc. 5/10/2020

36. Specific requirements for the organization of counselling services… Student data bank Educational & vocational information services Programmes for integrating community services with guidance services ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 36 Educational programmes for teachers, counselors & other personnel to provide knowledge of current trends in guidance Budgetary provisions 5/10/2020

37. TYPES OF COUNSELLING APPROACHES ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 37 Directive c o unsel l ing approach N o ndi r e c t i v e counselling approach Electic c o unse l l i ng approach 5/10/2020

38. I. Directive Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 38 It is also known as prescriptive counselling or counsellor-centred approach of counselling . This approach of counselling is advocated by E.G.Williamson, a professor at University of Minnesota. In directive counselling, the counsellor plays a leading role & uses a variety of techniques to suggest appropriate solutions to the counselee's problem. This approach also known as authoritarian or psychoanalytic approach . The counsellor is active & help individuals in making decisions & finding solution to their problems. The counsellor believes in the limited capacity of the patient. 5/10/2020

39. I. Directive Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 39 A need- based a pp r o ac h Problem focused rather than patient focused a pp r o ac h Used for patients incapable of solving their p r o b lems Task of a c om p ete n t counsellor C o u n t… The patient makes the decision but the counsellor does all he can to get the patient make decision keeping with his diagnosis. The counsellor tries to direct the patient’s thinking by informing, explaining, interpreting & advising. The basic assumptions related to directive counselling approach: Making the best possible use of counselee's intellectual abilities & resources 5/10/2020

40. I. Directive Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 40 C o u n t… Steps of the directive counselling approach E.G.Williamson has given the following six steps in providing directive counselling 5/10/2020

41. I. Directive Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 41 C o u n t… Advantages of the directive counselling approach This approach save time. It emphasizes the problem & not the individual.The counsellor can see the patient more objectively than the patient himself. It lays more emphasis on the intellectual rather than the emotional aspects of an individual’s personality. The methods used in directive counselling are direct, persuasive & explanatory. 5/10/2020

42. I. Directive Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 42 C o u n t… Limitations of the directive counselling approach The patient does not gain any liability for self analysis or solve new problems of adjustment by counselling. It makes the counselee overdependent on the counsellor. Problems regarding emotional maladjustment may be better solved by nondirective counselling. Sometimes the counselee lacks information regarding the counselee, leads wrong counselling. It does not guarantee that the counselee will able to solve the same problem on his own in future. 5/10/2020

43. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 43 The chief exponent of this counselling approach, Carp R. It is also known as the permissive counselling approach where the counselor's role is passive & the counselee’s role is active. It is a counselee-centred or patient-centred humanistic approach. The counselee makes the final decisions as individuals are thoughts to have full right to make final decisions for the self & solve their problems. The counsellor has to accept the counselee’s capacity to make adjustment & adapt. 5/10/2020

44. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 44 c o u n t… The principles of acceptance & tolerance are extremely important in this approach. The basic assumptions related to nondirective counselling approach are: Patient is given importance than the counselling directions & investigations Emotional aspects are more significant than intellectual aspects. Creation of an atmosphere where patients can work out their understanding is more important than cultivating self- understanding in the patient. Counselling leads to a voluntary choice of goals & a conscious selection of courses of action. 5/10/2020

45. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 45 c o u n t… Steps of the nondirective counselling approach Carp R. Rogers given five steps in nondirective counselling: Defining the problem situation Counselee given freedom to express his feeling Termination of counselling 5/10/2020

46. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 46 c o u n t… Advantages of nondirective counselling approach It is a slow but sure process to make an individual capable of making adjustments. No tests are used so one avoids all that is laborious & difficult . It removes emotional block & helps an individual bring repressed thoughts on a conscious level thereby reducing tension. 5/10/2020

47. II. Nondirective Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 47 c o u n t… Limitations of nondirective counselling approach It is a slow & time-consuming process. One cannot rely upon one’s resources, judgment & wisdom as the patient is immature in making the decision himself. It depends too much on the ability & initiative of the patient. Sometime difficulty to control pace of the interview discussion. This approach is individual centric, it may not possible for counsellor to attend every patient equally well. It require high degree of motivation in the patient. 5/10/2020

48. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 48 This approach is based on the fact that all individuals are different from one another. The techniques are elective in nature because they have been derived from all sources of counselling. This approach is based on selecting the best & leaving out what is least required. The basic assumption related to eclectic counselling approach: There is objectivity & co-ordination between counsellor & the patient during the counselling experience. The patient is active & the counsellor remains passive in the beginning. 5/10/2020

49. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 49 c o u n t… The principle of low expenditure is adopted. The counsellor makes use of all the tools & methods in his armour. The counsellor enjoys the freedom to resort to directive & nondirective counselling methods. The counselling relationship is built during the counselling interview. This helps the patient gain reassurance & confidence. 5/10/2020

50. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 50 c o u n t… Steps of the eclectic counselling approach Establishing rapport Diagnosis the problem A n a l yz i n g the case Preparing a tentative plan for modifying behavior Counselling F o llo w- up 5/10/2020

51. III. Eclectic Counselling Approach ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 51 c ou n t … Advantages of eclectic counselling approach It is more cost effective & practical approach. It is a more flexible approach of counselling. It is more objective & coordinated approach of counselling. Limitations of eclectic counselling approach The role of counsellor & the counselee are not predetermined. It requires more skilled counselors to handle the dynamic feature of this counselling approach. 5/10/2020

52. IV. Other types of counselling Based on length of the counselling session: Short-term counselling Long-term counselling Based on number of counselees involved: Individual counselling Group counselling ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 52 5/10/2020

53. IV. Other types of counselling ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 53 c o un t … C) Counselling for educational & professional purposes: Student counselling Educational counselling Vocational counselling Career counselling Placement counselling 5/10/2020

54. E) Counselling for personal/social purposes: IV. Other types of counselling ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 54 count… D) Counselling for health-related purposes: P s y c h o t h e r a p e u t i c counselling Crisis counse l ling Health c oun s e l l i ng Genetic c oun s e l l i ng Personal counselling Marriage counselling Motivational counselling Developmental counselling 5/10/2020

55. ROLE OF THE COUNSELLOR ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 55 Arrange orientation programmes for the other support staff to enlist their cooperation. Prepare an up-to-date list of resources, information, referral & energy available to him. Organize the guidance committee. Set up an educational & occupational information centre. Display the information collected in an attractive way. Disseminate information through educational & career talks, group discussion & so on. Arrange talks by expert from different fields. Organize career days, career weeks, career conferences, parents day & so on. 5/10/2020

56. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 56 Educate students regarding proper study habits & assist them in their development. Arrange individual discussion with students & their parents for giving them educational & occupational information. Arrange visits to place of work like industries, business, establishments, offices, higher education institutions & other important educational places. Maintain an active relationship with schools, colleges, universities. Maintain an active liaison with club like Lions Club & Rotary Club. Refer serious mental cases to clinical psychologist or psychiatrists. 5/10/2020

57. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 57 Maintain complete secrecy of the discussion between him & the patient. Administer psychological tests. Provide counselling services to students. Help in the student placements. Take up research projecting relating to the fields of educational, vocational, personal & social guidance in colleges. 5/10/2020

58. Qualities of a Good Counsellor … G – Good technical knowledge O – Obtaining appropriate information from the patient O – Objectively answering questions D – Demonstrating professionalism ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 58 C – Confidentiality maintenance O – Observant U – Unbiased N – Nonjudgmental S – Sensitive to the needs of the patient E – Empathetic L – Listens carefully L – Lets the patient make decisions O – Open minded R – Respects the rights of the patients 5/10/2020

59. PREPARATION OF COUNSELLOR ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 59 Components of preparation of counsellor: Educational Background (master’s or bachelor’s degree in teaching & education with training in behavioral science ) Experience (at least 2years of counselling experience, 3-6 months of supervised counselling experiences) Personal fitness & attributes (should show positive interest in working with others) 5/10/2020

60. Characteristics or qualities of counsellor… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 60 Personal characteristics: Should be imbibed with basic human qualities. Should be a person with cultural values & awareness. Should have a deep interest in helping people. Should patiently listen to others Should be sensitive to other’s attitude & reactions Should have a capability for being trusted by others. Should have respect for the personal autonomy of the patients. Should be tolerate of & accept the patient point of view. 5/10/2020

61. Characteristics or qualities of counsellor… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 61 I n t e r p e r s o n a l relationships: Friendly nature Sympathetic unders t anding Sincerity Tactfulness Patience Ability to maintain confidentiality Attentive listener Show concern Scholastic po t e n t ia l i t ie s : Relevant knowledge Motivated & committed Aware of policies, beliefs, misconception & rumors in community Possess common sense Good judgment Personal a d ju s t me n t : Maintain em o t io nal stability Emotionally sound & healthy Able to accept criticism Knowledge of self Patience 5/10/2020

62. Characteristics or qualities of counsellor… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 62 Health & personal appearance: Pleasing voice & appearance Vitality & endurance Free from any mannerism Leadership skills: Ability to stimulate Reinforce important information Direct the counselee to ways to solve the problem Philosophy of life: Good charact e r Integrated p e r s o nal i ty Faith in human values Professional dedication: Show enthusiasm Maintain helping relationship Have a nice sense of morality 5/10/2020

63. COUNSELLING PROCESS ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 63 Phase I Establishing relationship Phase II A s s e ss ment Phase III Setting goals Phase I V in t e r v en t ion Phase V Termination & follow-up 5/10/2020

64. Phase I: Establishing relationship ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 64 It is an ice breaking session during which the counsellor & counselee introduce each other & establish a primary rapport. Good rapport building provides the respect, trust & sense of psychological comfort to the counsellor- counselee relationship for progression to the counselling process. Strategies to establish an effective relationship: Introduce yourself Being the phase with adequate social skills Always address the individual by his or her name 5/10/2020

65. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 65 Ensure physical comfort of the counselee & self. Do not interrupt the individual when he/she is talking. Listen attentively. Observe nonverbal communication. 5/10/2020

66. Phase II: assessment The second phase of counselling is basically a data collection phase, where the counsellor motivates the counselee to provide complete information about the problem. The type of information collected from counselee like general data, physical data, psychological data, social/environmental data, achievement data, educational & vocational data. After the collection of information, diagnosis related to the counselee’s behavior is made. Various tools & techniques used for data collection like intelligence tests, achievement tests, aptitude tests, interest tests, personality tests, questionnaires, interview, observation, autobiography, anecdotal records, rating scale, cumulative re 67 cord & case studies. 5/10/2020 66 ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED

67. Phase III: Setting goals ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 67 During this third phase of the counselling process, goals are set co-operative by both the counsellor & the counselee. While setting goals, the counselee’s strengths, weakness, constraints & available resources must be kept under consideration. The goal could be immediate & ultimate which directs the counsellor & the counselee to further progress in the counselling process. Effective & reliable goal setting requires following skills in counselors: Multifaceted knowledge related to the problem of counselee 5/10/2020

68. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 68 Ability to think critically & inference-drawing skills. Judgment, planning & management skills Skills to segregate &differentiate the provided information Ability to each individuals to think critically & realistically Help the counselee set feasible, reliable & achievable goals 5/10/2020

69. Phase IV: Intervention ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 69 This stage of counselling is an operational phase where the counselee is suggested the best possible options for the management of the present problem. The phase is affected by the counselor's own thoughts about the counselling process. The intervention will depend on the approach used by the counsellor, the problem & the individual. The choice of intervention is a process of adaptation & the counsellor should be prepared to change the intervention when the selected intervention does not work. 5/10/2020

70. Phase V: Termination and follow-up ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 70 This is the final stage of the counselling process, where counselling comes to an end. Termination must be planned well ahead so that the counselee may feel comfortable at the departure & gradually able to handle the problem independently. Some follow-up sessions may be required to help the counselee further to handle the problem independently. 5/10/2020

71. TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR THE COUNSELLING PROCESS ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 71 There are two types of tools & techniques for the counselling process: 5/10/2020

72. Standardized tools and techniques … ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 72 St a n d a r d i z ed tools & techniques Intelligence tests Achievement test A p t i t u d e tests I n te r est tests Personality tests 5/10/2020

73. Nonstandarized tests … ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 73 Questionnaire Autobiography Anecdotal records Cumulative record O bse r va ti o n Interview Socio m etric techniques Rating scale Case study Information collection of information 5/10/2020

74. MANAGING DISCIPLINARY PROBLEMS ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 74 Common disciplinary problems seen in Indian students are Absenteeism, Nonsubmission or late submission of assignments, Disturbing classroom atmosphere, Threatening strike, Damaging or spoiling institutional property, Picking quarrels over small matters, Using mobiles phones in the classroom & so on. 5/10/2020

75. Strategies for management of disciplinary problems… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 75 Appropriate training of faculty & teachers Adequate practice of cocurricular & extracurricular activities Appropriate selection & use of disciplinary standards Use reward & punishment Promoting better teacher-student relationship Cultivation of ethical, moral & spiritual values A close teacher-parent-student contact Effective use og guidance & counselling programmes 5/10/2020

76. MANAGEMENT OF CRISIS AND REFERRAL ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 76 A sudden, generally unanticipated event can profoundly & negatively affect a significant segment of the institution population & often involves serious injury or death. Crisis events like an incidence of suicide, school bus crashes, natural disasters or multiple injuries, deaths can quickly escalate all over the educational institution. Crisis must be managed promptly & skillfully to minimize chaos, rumors & impact of the crisis on the victims & other students. 5/10/2020

77. Strategies of effective crisis management… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 77 Policy & leadership Crisis response team Institution’s crisis m a n ag em e n t plan C o m m un i cat io n Training & maintenance 5/10/2020

78. Crisis management planning checklist… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 78 Check off each item as you complete it during your crisis management planning Define crisis for your school & district. Decide who will be in charge during crisis. Select your crisis response team. Develop appropriate policies & procedures for handling crisis situations. Train the crisis response team. Establish law enforcement, fire department & emergency management team liaisons. Establish a media liaison & a plan for communicating with the media. 5/10/2020

79. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 79 Establish a working relationship with community service providers & develop a list of telephone numbers & contact persons. Set up phone number trees, which are adequately & appropriately displayed. Create or reserve space for service providers involved in crisis management & for community meeting. Develop & print forms to assist in crisis management. Develop a plan for emergency coverage of classes. Establish a code to alert staff. 5/10/2020

80. Count… ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 80 Develop a collection of reading & sample letters to parents. Obtain a legal review of crisis response procedures & forms. Practice crisis alert periodically through the year. Establish procedures for annual in-service of new staff & update/review for all staff. Periodic district wide training of all substitute staff. 5/10/2020

81. ALKA SOOD MBA.MCOM B ED 81 5/10/2020