Guidance and Counseling

Guidance and counselling,nature, benefits and type of guidance and counseling

1. Guidance and counselling Presented by- Deepika Ph.D Research scholar Department of Sociology Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agriculture University, Hisar

2. Content Introduction of Guidance and Counselling Definition of Guidance and Counselling Objectives of Guidance Purpose of Guidance Types of Guidance Characteristics of Counselling Techniques of Counselling

3. Guidance and counselling The terms guidance and counselling are often used interchangeably. Although both are related terms, but there are similarities as well as differences between guidance and counselling.

4. Meaning of Guidance and counselling In simple terms Guidance refers to the help given by one person to another in making choices and adjustments and in solving problems , whereas counselling is the face to face relationship between the Counselor and the Counselee for purpose of enhancing the counselee to resolve his conflict/ problems.

5. Guidance Guidance means to guide individuals. To guide means to indicate, to point out, to show the way. The term guidance is related to all types of education-formal, non-formal, vocational, etc. The aim is to help the individuals to adjust to their environment in an effective way . Guidance does not focus on the problems of individuals. It focuses on their potential, abilities and interests . The main aim of guidance is to promote all round development of the individuals.

6. Definitions Skinner defined guidance as "Guidance is a process of helping young persons learn to adjust to self, to others and to circumstances“ National Vocational Guidance Association, "Guidance is the process of helping a person to develop and accept an integrated and adequate picture of him/herself and his/her role in the world of work, to test this concept against reality and to convert it into reality with satisfaction to him/herself and benefit to society".

7. Objectives of Guidance To make individuals aware of their interests, talents, strengths and weakness. To help individuals to develop their abilities , interests and skills in a way that they can make a useful contribution to the society. To help individuals in their all round development . To create awareness among individuals about different educational and vocational opportunities available in the society.

8. Purpose of Guidance Guidance is to help one to adjust to abilities, interests and needs of the society. In other words it means helping a person to develop in the desired direction and to orient him/herself according to the needs and demands of changing times and society . Thus the purpose of guidance is to improve the capability of the individual to understand and deal with self-situational relations for greater personal satisfaction and social usefulness which includes students, teacher, parents, etc.

9. Types of guidance Educational Guidance Vocational Guidance Personal Guidance

10. Educational Guidance According to Jones- “Educational Guidance is an assistance to be provided to the pupils so that they may adjust in the schools with curriculum and school life.”

11. Characteristics Comprehensive Process Various types of educational problems can be discussed Process of providing assistance Process of removing the adjustment problems Process of providing assistance for eliminating the difficulties while selecting the subjects and curriculum at all levels of education

12. Need at secondary and higher secondary level To solve wastage and stagnation problems Appropriate selection of subjects Adjustment in schools Information about future education & job Providing the awareness of various opportunities Making students busy in learning Desirable change in school administration & teaching methods Identify reasons for increasing percentage of delinquents

13. Vocational Guidance “Vocational guidance is the process of assisting the individual to choose an occupation, prepare for it, enter in to it & progress in it.”

14. Vocational guidance is a process to Help the person to achieve the goal in his vocation assist the person in selecting the vocation Help in entering and making progress in that vocation Help a person to adopt a vocation

15. Need of Vocational Guidance Individual Difference Variety of vocation Vocational progress Stable future of students Need from economic point of view Need due to changing conditions Need from health point of view Need from social and personal points of view For proper utilisation of human potentialities

16. Personal Guidance “Personal guidance is the help given to an individual to solve his personal problems Personal guidance includes social, emotional and leisure time guidance”

17. Need of Personal Guidance Personal development Social adjustment To solve emotional problems Utilization of leisure time Physical development

18. Definition English and English Dictionary -Counselling is a relationship in which one person endeavors to help another to understand and solve his adjustment problems. Shostorm and Brammer - Counselling is a purposeful reciprocal relationship between two people in which one, a trained person helps the other to change himself or his environment. Ruth Strong -Counselling is a face to face relationship in which growth takes place in the counsellor as well as the counselee

19. Counselling is …… A process between two persons A professional job of a professionally trained person A process to help the person in solving his problems independently

20. Characteristics of counselling Mutual relationship between two persons Problem is made clear through discussion It is a vital part of the entire guidance programme Face to face relationship Democratic relationship Professional service Problem oriented process

21. Techniques of counselling

22. Psychodynamic counselling This is based on the idea that past experiences have a bearing on experiences and feelings in the present, and that important relationships, perhaps from early childhood , may be replayed with other people later in life.

23. It translates the principles and insights of psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy into once-a-week counselling . The counselor usually aims to be as neutral a figure as possible, giving little information about him or herself, making it more likely that important relationships (past or present) will be reflected in the relationship between the client and the counselor. This relationship is therefore an important source of insight for both parties, and helps the client to ‘work through’ their difficulties. Developing a trusting and reliable relationship with the counselor is essential for this work.

24. Transpersonal counselling This is an integrative and holistic approach that utilizes creative imagination. It assumes a spiritual dimension to life and human nature. It also presupposes the interconnectedness of all beings with a higher spiritual power , and specifically addresses the bridge between the two.

25. Transpersonal counselling emphasizes personal empowerment . It takes account of the client’s past experiences , but also looks to the future and what is likely to unfold for them, the challenges they may face and the qualities that need to emerge in them to meet those challenges . Its basic belief is that whatever the hardships of human experience, the core essence, or soul, remains undamaged.

26. Existential counselling This helps people to clarify, think about and understand life , so that they can live it well. It encourages them to focus on the basic assumptions they make about it, and about themselves, so they can come to terms with life as it is

27. It allows them to make sense of their existence. The counselling focuses the client on how much they already take charge of their life , and not on what they are doing wrong. At the same time, it takes note of any real limitations, so that they can make choices based on a true view of the options available.

28. Personal construct counselling This is based on the idea that nobody can know absolute truth. Instead, each person constructs their idea of the truth from their own experiences, and this affects the way they see the world.

29. The problem is that people can get stuck with a view of things that prevents them from living life to the full, because they can’t find any alternative ways of seeing things. Personal Construct counselling helps people to look at different ways of behaving that may be useful in changing the way they see the world.

30. Cognitive- behavioural counselling This is another directive model, concerned with the way people’s beliefs about themselves shape how they interpret experiences. The objective is to change self-defeating or irrational beliefs and behaviours by altering negative ways of thinking.

31. Clients learn to monitor their emotional upsets and what triggers them, to identify self-defeating thoughts, to see the connections between their beliefs, feelings and behaviour , to look at the evidence for and against these thoughts and beliefs, and to think in a way that is more realistic and less negative. The counsellor usually gives the client tasks or homework to do between sessions . This could mean recording thoughts and feelings , or doing something that tests out a basic assumption about themselves. This might mean, for instance, going to the shops when their fear is that they may panic. (See Mind’s booklet, Making sense of cognitive behaviour therapy . )

32. References Edinburgh Voluntary Sector Counselling Services Forum (2002) Gladding, S.T. ( 2004). counselling : A Comprehensive Profession (5th edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall. P 6-7. Education and National Development (Report Of The Education Commission, 1964-66) (1970). Ministry Of Education, 1966, Reprinted By The National Council Of Educational Research And Training With The Permission Of The Ministry Of Education And Youth Services, Government Of India.