gut Microbiomme and immunity described on ppt

gut microenvironment

1. REVIEW PRESENTATION ON:- THE GUT MICROBIOME, IMMUNE CHECK POINT INHIBITION AND IMMUNE‑RELATED ADVERSE EVENTS IN NON‑SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

2. Gut Microbiome ICI and connection in NSCLC. GM's impact on immunity ABX's role in ICI outcomes therapeutic possibilities Presentation outline

3. . Worse outcomes are observed in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with antibiotics (ABX) prior to ICI. Grows slowly compared to SCLC but often spreads to other body parts by the time its diagnosed. GM ICI Activity INTRODUCTION

4. CONT’…

5. The microbiome and microbiota: roles in host immunity microbiome refers to the collective genomes of the species in a particular biological niche. Microbiota _ Microorganisms of a particular site The human microbiome has evolved to become a part of the innate immune system.

6. Dysbiosis - refers to an abnormal or imbalanced microbiome. a common cause; ABX Other courses; age, diet, environment The gut microbiome and disease

7. The 16S rRNA gene i s unique to bacteria, thus its sequencing enables to differentiate between bacterial species. Differences in the less-conserved parts of the 16S rRNA gene are used to identify different taxa. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing is a type of whole-genome sequencing which analyzes all of the genomic material of a stool sample, including non-bacterial organisms and human cell DNA Microbial diversity Methods to characterize the GM

8. The GM and cancer therapeutics: past and future Before ICI era, cytotoxic chemotherapy GM interacts with lymphoid organs, in return stimulates antitumor t cells production other hand, chemo can induce dysbiosis which is associated with high late of adverse events

9. Monoclonal antibodies to CTLA‑4 and PD‑1/ PD‑L1 Immune checkpoint inhibition in lung c ancer

10. Resistance to IC Current biomarkers like PD-L1 and TMB have limitations Potential Role of the Gut Microbiome Predictive Biomarker-Can specific patterns or compositions of the GM serve as predictive biomarkers for ICI response

11. Immune‑related adverse events secondary to ICI : irAEs are associated with improved PFS and OS across multiple studies in NSCLC treated with ICIs

12. Mechanism of GM modulation of ICI activity GM Priming Immune Responses to Tumours during ICI Treatment : Microbial Antigen Exposure and APC Stimulation Stimulation of T Lymphocytes ICI Amplification of Immune Response GM Microenvironment and ICI Activity : GM’s composition influences the content of enzymes, cytokines, short-chain fatty acids, and other molecules, i.e " metabolome ." Changes in this milieu potentially affect ICI activity

13. ICI and antibiotics in NSCLC . Best overall response (A), progression-free survival (PFS) (B), and overall survival (OS) (C) in patients with RCC treated with ICI, strati?fied by use of ATB within 30 days of initiating ICI. Best overall response (D), PFS (E), and OS (F) in patients with NSCLC treated with ICI, strati?fied by use of ATB within 30 days of initiating ICI. P-values calculated with chi-squared and log-rank tests. ICI efficacy is reduced by the ABX. Time factor- Poor outcomes when administered closer to ICI commencement Dysbiosis Effect

14. Melanoma, the GM and irAEs Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium genus reduced risk of ipilimumab-induced colitis Renal cell carcinoma, the GM and ICI outcomes Clostridium hathewayi [113], and recent ABX exposure lower objective response rates to ICI in metastatic RCC The GM and ICI outcomes in other solid tumor

15. The GM Composition and ICI Outcomes in NSCLC Efficacy of ICI in NSCLC and the GM Abundance of specific microbes Enhanced function of ICI

16. Targeting the GM to Augment ICI Outcomes Microbiome‑based therapeutics in other solid tumors

17. conclusion Understanding the bidirectional influence between the gut microbiome and immune response in NSCLC treatment holds promise for optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. While evidence indicates the potential impact of GM composition on treatment outcomes, the complexity and need for standardized measurement hinder immediate clinical application. The integration of GM modulation strategies like probiotics awaits further validation, presenting a potential avenue for enhancing ICI efficacy while minimizing toxicity in NSCLC.