Gynoecium

Female reproductive part of flower, Essential part of flower, carpel, style, ovary, stigma, placentation of ovule, types of placentation

1. R. NITHYA M. Sc., M. Phil ., (Ph. D) ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BIOTECHNOLOGY SRI ADI CHUNCAHNAGIRI WOMEN’S COLLEGE, CUMBUM THENI DT, TAMILNADU

2. GYNOECIUM OR PISTIL - Fourth whorl of flower. - It is formed of carpels - Carpel consists ovary, style and stigma. - Ovules found in ovary, attached with placentas.

3. Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary Gynoecium with free carpels – apocarpous United carpels – syncarpous

4. NUMBER OF CARPELS Monocarpellary Bicarpellary Tricarpellary Multicarpellary

5. FUSION OF CARPELS

6. Carpels are fused by entire lengths. E.g. Thespesia

7. Carpels are united in the regions of ovary and style. stigmatic regions free . E.g. Hibiscus

8. FUSION OF CARPELS Carpels are united in the ovary regions only. Style and stigmatic regions free. E.g. Dianthus

9. Carpels are free in the ovary region. Fused in style and stigmatic region E.g . Vinca

10. Carpels are free in the ovary and stylar region. Fused in stigmatic region E.g. Calotropis

11. PLACENTATION Arrangement of ovule on placenta of ovary. Marginal Axile Parietal Free central Basal Superficial or lamellar

12. MARGINAL PLACENTATION The gynoecium is monocarpellery and unilocular

13. Axile Placentation Syncarpous ovary the number of locules corresponds to number of carpels

14. Parietal Placentation The ovary is syncarpous and unilocular . The ovule are attached to the placenta along the inner wall of the ovary

15. Free central placentation The ovary is syncarpous and unilocular . Placenta develops a pillar-like structure at the centre and bears the ovule

16. Basal Placentation Syncarpous and unilocular Placenta develops at the floor and bears single ovule.

17. Superficial or lamellar Placentation Syncarpous and multilocular The ovules are attached to the septa or crosswalls between the locules

18. STYLE The style is prolongation of carpel. Apical – Style is found right on the summit of the ovary Lateral – Displaced towards one side of the ovary Gynobasic – The style starts from the base of the ovary between the lobes of ovary Petaloid – Broadened and flattened

19. Ovule Immature seed Ovules are small structures attached to the placentas by small stalk Types of Ovules Orthotropous Anatropous Campylotropous Amphitropous Hemianatropous

20. ORTHOTROPOUS The ovule is erect E.g. Polygonum

21. ANATROPOUS The ovule is inverted mycopyle faces downwards This type is common. E.g. Phaseolus .

22. CAMPYLOTROPOUS The ovule is bent so the micropyle and chalaza do not lie in the straight line. E.g . Brassica .

23. AMPHITROPOUS The body of the ovule is transverse. This type is very rare E.g . Lemma, Alisma

24. HEMIANATROPOUS This is a T-shaped ovule . E.g. Rannculus , Primula

25. Pollination The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the flower is known as pollination. Two types Self pollination or Autogamy Cross pollination or Allogamy Pollination by water or Hydrophily Pollination by animals or Zoophily (birds, insects and bats)

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