Hampi

Hampi-Threats and historical significance

1. BY- Advait Ukidve, Nachiket Kondhalkar, Atish Kekre, Ashwini Dighe, Mitessh Damle, Sneha Tunga HAMPI

2. Select a historical site in need of conservation Research about its historic significance Identify the threatening factors Suggest the ways of preserving the geological heritage. Que

3. The city of Vijayanagar, commonly known as Hampi ( Hampi ) is located on the banks of Tungabhadra river in Karnataka, India. Between 14th and mid of 16th Century Hampi ( Vijayanagar - city of victory ) was the South India's wealthiest, largest and most powerful Hindu kingdom. Hampi is not only known for its historical importance and magnificent ruins; Hampi's unique landscape and its religious association with great epic Ramayana makes it an important destination for local and international tourists and pilgrims. Historical Significance

4. According to Ramayana, Hampi (Vijayanagar ) was ruled by the monkey kings Vali and Sugriva. The granite boulders of varying tones of yellow-orange, grey and pink dominate the Hampi's landscape , distributed either as hills or as piles of rocks are said to be flung down by the armies of Vali and Sugriva in a show of strength. For centuries, these hills provided unlimited supply of building material Historical Significance

5. Between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, this was the most powerful Hindu kingdom in the Deccan. Travelers' such as Domingo Paez, who stayed for two years after 1520, were astonished by its size and wealth, telling tales of market full of silk and precious gems, beautiful, bejeweled courtesans, ornate palaces and joyous festivities. However, in the mid of sixteenth century, the dazzling city was devastated by a six month Deccan Sultanates siege. Historical Significance

6. The site of Hampi as a whole has been threatened by unplanned development, inadequate protection and seasonal flooding, while prior to GHF involvement Chandramauleshwar Temple was facing a number of immediate threats including: • Collapsing gateways and fortification walls • Deterioration of temple exterior/interior • Misuse of temple for storage and refuse • Animal and human feces • Fire damage and scorching • Water damage/leakage • Plant growth and intrusion • Looting and vandalism Threats

7. Hampi is mainly threatened by unplanned development, inadequate protection and seasonal flooding. Above: is a collapsing entry at Chandramauleshwar Temple. UNPLANNED DEVELOPMENT

8. Flooding is a recurring problem in Hampi. Here, tracks intended to transport materials to the Chandramauleshwar Temple project has been submerged. FLOODING

9. A view of the Chandramauleshwar Temple support wall before the flood Structural instability is another cause of damage. Here, the lower support wall of the Chandramauleshwar Temple is rebuilt to provide stability to the temple above it. STRUCTURAL STABILITY

10. STONE QUARRYING Stone Quarrying and mining is done near the temples and the surrounding hill ranges. This mining or quarrying leads to: Land Slides Instability in ground resources. Consequent instability of temple walls. Flooding of plain in monsoon.

11. The Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority conducted a survey of the declared monuments in Hampi to identify unauthorized constructions within the limits of the World Heritage Site and cleared the encroachments near the site. This controlled encroachment of infrastructure and also controlled the construction of buildings near the site. Stone quarrying is also been banned near the site as a step towards conserving the world heritage of Hampi. STEPS TAKEN:

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