Hand Biofeedback System for Abduction and pinch strength

It's a unique biofeedback system developed to boost patient confidence in gross motor hand function

1. HAND MOTION BIOFEEDBACK SYSTEM GUIDED BY:- MRS. PRAGYAN SINGH SUBMITTED BY :- ANKITA BARIK ROLL NO:- 83201C20006 34TH BATCH BOT

2. INTRODUCTION Introducing "The Hand Motion Biofeedback System," a groundbreaking device created to improve hand rehabilitation and motor control. This innovative system offers immediate feedback on hand movements, emphasizing abduction, adduction, and pinch function. Specifically tailored for individuals with hand mobility issues stemming from conditions like stroke, spinal cord injury, or nerve damage in the upper extremities, The Hand Motion Biofeedback System utilizes advanced sensors to assist users in regaining precise control over their hand movements. This technology aims to enhance function and independence for users.

3. Developmental Benefits Enhanced fine motor skills lead to improved hand function for better dexterity, enabling precise movements like writing and drawing. Increased independence by regaining hand function allows for self-reliance and confidence in daily activities. Better eye-hand coordination is achieved through improved hand function, vital for tasks involving object manipulation. Improved cognitive development is linked to hand function, positively impacting problem-solving and learning skills. Enhanced creativity is fostered by improved hand function, enabling engagement in activities like art, music, or crafts. Improved daily living skills such as dressing and grooming are achieved through enhanced hand function. Better social interaction is facilitated by improved hand function, aiding gestures and communication like shaking hands or waving.

4. Pre-requisites for Using For Fine Motor Activity in Hand:- For gaining Visual Feedback:- Gross Motor Control: Involves regulating the arm, shoulder, and upper body to provide a stable base for hand movements. Hand-Arm Coordination: Refers to the skill of synchronizing hand and arm movements. Finger Independence: Involves the ability to move each finger independently without impacting the movement of other fingers. Wrist Stability: Refers to maintaining a stable wrist position to support hand movements. Awareness of the senses: The capability to perceive and feel the position and motion of the hand and fingers. Neurological coordination: The brain's ability to merge sensory information and motor signals for controlling precise hand movements. Strength and stamina of muscles: The hand, finger, and forearm muscles need enough strength and endurance to execute delicate motor functions. Mobility of joints: Essential flexibility in the hand, finger, and wrist joints for accurate movements. Cognitive growth: Adequate cognitive development to comprehend and follow instructions for problems solving in fine motor tasks. Visual attention: The capacity to concentrate on pertinent visual cues. Visual acuity: Clarity of vision for identifying and distinguishing objects and patterns. Color vision: The capability to distinguish colors. Eye movement control: The skill to accurately and smoothly move the eyes to follow visual stimuli. Cognitive processing: The aptitude to analyze and comprehend visual information. Sensorimotor integration: Combining visual feedback with the motor control system.

5. DESCRIPTION The design resembles a plywood sandwich, with two square plywood parts nestled inside. These squares have distinct hand shapes with perforated palms, containing sensors and lights that activate when a ball drops. Once a ball is placed, the sensors respond dynamically, directing the balls to a specific snug area marked by a curved edge. Positioned at the corners are three Y-shaped plywood elements that add an element of enjoyable resistance training. Each element provides different resistance levels: one has three levels on a single side, the next has two levels on one side, and the last one offers resistance levels on both sides. This setup is a great way to engage and strengthen those pinch muscles effectively!

6. METHODOLOGY Client sits in a chair, therapist stands to the right at an activity table. Activity placed in front of the client at chest level and reachable distance. Task no.1 (abduction-adduction activity): The therapist instructs the patient with hand motion impairment to position their hand on the marked frame. Placing one large bead on each web space, the client is asked to adduct their fingers individually. As the beads drop into the hole, the connected light sensor provides visual biofeedback. This process is repeated to monitor the client's progress, with each bead that falls on the sensor counting as one point. The higher the number of beads landing on the sensor, the higher the client's score. Using this method, the therapist can monitor the client's hand function improvement and tailor a personalized intervention plan accordingly. Task No.2 (Pinch Activity): In this exercise, the therapist instructs the client to move the thumb and index finger apart while bending all other fingers at the MCP, PIP, and DIP joints. This hand position is specifically for gripping a Y-shaped object. The client is then directed to apply pressure to the top of both sides of the Y. To make the activity more challenging, the therapist can increase the resistance level. Once the thumb and index finger pinch function is complete, the client is guided to perform opposition and adduction movements with each finger individually, proceeding one by one.

7. CASE STUDY NAME :- ABANTI GARNAIK AGE/SEX :- 54YRS/FEMALE DIAGNOSIS:- POST TRAUMATIC QUADRIPARESIS

8. Results Boosted abduction strength: Increased capacity to move the hand and fingers away from the body's midline. Enhanced adduction strength: Improved capability to move the hand and fingers towards the body's midline. Heightened pinch force: Improved capacity to exert force between the thumb and fingers. Enhanced finger dexterity: Improved skill in executing precise movements with the fingers. Improved hand function: Enhanced ability to carry out daily tasks and activities. Reduced muscle fatigue: Decreased tiredness and discomfort in the hand and fingers. Enhanced motor control: Improved ability to regulate movements in the hand and fingers. Increased range of motion: Improved capability to move the hand and fingers through a complete range of motion.

9. Materials Used with Cost ● Plywood ● Wood ● Spring ● Sensor ● Light ● Electric wire ● Adaptor ● Large beads Materials Used Base Plywood: Length: 23.7 inches Breadth: 17.9 inches Frame Plywood: Length: 10 inches Breadth: 8.5 inches Height: 2.6 inches Pinch Frame: Height: 4 inches Measurements Plywood: Rs. 400/- Wood: Rs. 800/- Spring: Rs. 200/- Sensor: Rs. 1500/- Light: Rs. 100/- Electric wire: Rs. 100/- Adaptor: Rs. 500/- Fitting charge: Rs. 500/ Transportation Charges: Rs. 400/- Cost Estimation

10. Indications ● Stroke or cerebrovascular accident (CVA): To improve hand function and motor control. ● Spinal cord injury (SCI): To enhance hand function and independence. ● Hand injuries (e.g., fractures, tendon repairs): To facilitate rehabilitation and improve hand function. ● Neurological conditions (e.g., Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis): To improve hand motor control and function. ● Arthritis (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis): To reduce pain and improve hand functions. ● Nerve injuries or neuropathies (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome): To improve hand function and motor control. ● Musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., tendonitis, sprains): To reduce pain and improve hand function. ● Congenital conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, spina bifida): To improve hand function and motor control. ● Surgical rehabilitation (e.g., hand transplantation, replantation): to facilitate rehabilitation and improve hand function.

11. Contraindications ● Epilepsy or seizure disorders: Biofeedback may trigger seizures. ● Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism: Biofeedback may increase blood flow, which could dislodge clots. ● Recent injuries or surgeries: Biofeedback may exacerbate the condition. ● Neurological conditions with altered sensation or proprioception: Biofeedback may confuse or disrupt the individual's perception. ● Cognitive impairments or learning disabilities: Biofeedback may be difficult to understand or follow. ● Severe anxiety or stress: Biofeedback may exacerbate emotional distress. Limitations ● Technical issues may interrupt the therapy programme . ● Sensor accuracy may impact data quality . ● It shouldn’t be placed under direct sunlight exposure.

12. CONCLUSION Biofeedback devices can be particularly beneficial for individuals with conditions such as stroke, spinal cord injury, hand injuries, neurological disorders, and musculoskeletal disorders. However , it's essential to consider the contraindications and precautions whenusing biofeedback devices, such as pacemakers, epilepsy, and recent injuries or surgeries. Overall, this project offers a non-invasive, safe, and effective approach to improving hand function and rehabilitation outcomes, and can be a valuable addition to traditional physical and occupational therapy techniques.

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