Handicapped children lecture ppt

Handicapped children for students of community medicine which is an important topics both for undergraduate and post graduate students.

1. HANDICAPPED CHILDREN

2. HANDICAPPED CHILDREN "Handicap" may be defined as "reduction in a person's capacity to fulfil a social role as a consequence of an impairment , inadequate training for the role, or other circumstances . Applied to children, the term usually refers to the presence of an impairment or other circumstances that are likely to interfere with normal growth and development or with the capacity to learn“.

3. CONTD. This category includes children who are blind, deaf and mute ; those with hare-lip, cleft palate, talipes ; and the "crippled " - e.g., resulting from polio,cerebral palsy, congenital heart disease, road accidents, burns, injuries, etc. These conditions fall into three broad causative groups : ( a) birth defects ( b) infections, and ( c) accidents . These are all preventable to a large extent through adequate prenatal,natal , postnatal services, and genetic counselling .

4. CONTD. The known causative factors include the following : (a) Genetic conditions : Down's syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome , PKU, Tay-Sach disease, galactosaemia , microcephaly , congenital hypothyroidism involving both single and multiple gene action and chromosomal abnormalities. (b) Antenatal factors : These comprise neural tube defects, Rh incompatibility, certain infections (e.g., rubella, cytomegalovirus, toxoplasmosis, syphilis), drugs and irradiation .

5. CONTD. c) Perinatal factors : These include birth injuries , hypoxia and cerebral palsy . (d) Postnatal factors : Head injuries, accidents, encephalitis, physical and chemical agents such as lead and mercury poisoning may result in mental retardation . (e) Miscellaneous Maternal malnutrition , protein-energy malnutrition, iodine deficiency (endemic goitre ), consanguineous marriages, pregnancy after the age of 40 (late marriages) are all known to be associated with mental retardation.