Handling and packing of radiopharmaceuticals.

Radio pharmacuticals are the compounds and substances that emits radiation and which are used in the pharmacy are called as radiopharmaceuticals.
The process of emitting radiation by the radioactive isotopes is called as RADIOACTIVITY.
Egs:uranium-238 isotope
cobalit-60
gallium etc.

1. PACKING AND STORAGE RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS Presented by: Dr.S. Shafiya Tabassum DOCTOR OF PHARMACY Dr.k.v.Subba Reddy Institute of PHARMACY

2. RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS

3. Radio pharmaceuticals is derived from two words radio active and pharmaceuticals. It is medicinal product containing Radiotracer Radionuclide. Radiotracer: It is present in minute quantity which is not intended for pharmacological action. Radionuclide:I tvis an radioactive components of radio pharmaceuticals. It is unstable species containing specific atomic number and responsible for emissions of rays

4. RADIOPHARMACY: The service and unit from where vthe radio pharmaceuticals are provided is called radio pharmacy. Radio pharmacy is also called as hot laboratory because of processing of radio active materials. RADIO PHARMACIST: The person who is rendered in this service is called radio pharmacist. Radio pharmacist is the person responsible for the formulation and dispensing prescribed radioactive traces in aspects of radio PHARMACY. Radio pharmacist must have trained in the following areas of radio pharmaceuticals.: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY MODES OF RADIOACTIVE DECAY TECHNOLOGY &QUALITY CONTROL. ASPECTS OF STRUCTURE OF MATTE R.

5. Nuclear pharmacy: Radioactive service is rendered from a division of hospital pharmacy called nuclear pharmacy. It is defined as patient oriented service that embodies the scientific knowledge and professional judgement required to improve and promote health through safe ans effective use of radioactive drugs for therapeutic and diagnosis purpose. Nuclear pharmacy service entails the following: Procurement of radio pharmaceuticals Compounding of radio pharmaceuticals Performance of quality control procedure Distribution of radio pharmaceuticals Dispensing of radio pharmaceuticals Monitoring of patients outcome Research and development of radio pharmaceuticals

6. RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS: Compounds or substances that emits radiation and which are used in pharmacy are called radio pharmaceuticals. Similar words are used for the substances like radio isotopes, radio nuclide. The process of emitting radiation by unstable isotopes is known as radioactivity and this type of isotopes are called radioactive isotopes. Eg:1) The most common form of radioactive isotopes is called URANIUM 238isotope. 2) cobalt-60 -The high energy gamma radiation emitted by cobalt 60 isotopes are directed at cancerous rumors and cells are burnt. 3) Gallium etc. How do radio pharmaceuticals work: Radio pharmaceuticals are introduced into patients body by injection, swallowing, or inhalation. Amount ingested is very small.

7. The pharmaceutical part of radio pharmaceuticals are designed to go to a specific place in the body where there could be a disease site or abnormalities. The radioactive part of pharmaceutical that emits radiation know as gamma rays (similar to x rays) is detected using a special camera called gamma camera. This camera allows nuclear physician pyo see what happens inside patients body During this procedure patient is asked to lie down on bed and then gamma camera is placed few inches over the patients body. Pictures are taken over few minutes. These images allow experts nuclear medicine physician to diagnose patients disease.

8. PACKING OF RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS: There are 3types of packing for radio pharmaceuticals. They are: Industrial packing. Type A packing Type B packing. INDUSTRIAL PACKING: Industrial packing is done for the materials that are present in little hazardous form radiation exposure. Substances having low level of radioactivity are shipped in industrial package. Eg: slightly contaminates clothes. Laboratory samples. Smoke detector.

9. Egs of Type -A packing:1) Nucleonic gauge source 2) Brachytherapy. 3) Nuclear medicine source for diagnosis and therapeutic purpose. There are regulations providing for limits on activity which can be transported inA1 and A2 forms. A1-is maximum activity of radioactive material in special form. A2--is maximum activity of radioactive materials not in special forms. These types of packing is used to transport in medical use. TYPE C PACKING: The radioactive materials with very high radioactivity are packed as type C. It is designed in such a way that they can assist any sort of accident conditions.

10. S. No Transport Index Maximum Radiation Level Label category 01 </=0.005mSv/h White-I 02 >0<1 >0.005mSv/h but </=0.5mSv/h Yellow-II 03 >1<10 >0.5mSV/h but < 2mSV/h Yellow-III 04 >19 >2mSV/h but </= 10mSV/h Yellow-III

11. PROFESSIONAL RELATIONS AND PRACTICES OF HOSPITAL PHARMACISTS

12. The profession of pharmacy exists to safeguard the health of the public. . The pharmacist is one who is licensed to prepare and dispense medications, counsel patients, and monitor outcomes pursuant to a prescription from a licensed health professional. . Pharmacists work primarily in community and hospital pharmacies s Other fields - managed care, mail-order pharmacy, home healthcare, long-term care, nuclear pharmacy, academia, drug information, sales, marketing, or research.

13. A hospital pharmacy is an institutional pharmacy that dispenses and prepares drugs and provides clinical s ervices in a hospital setting. . One fourth of all pharmacists work in a hospital setting : ▪ an institution that offers 24-hour healthcare service; that has six or more beds, a governing authority, and an organized medical staff; and that offers nursing and pharmacy services carries out the functions of maintaining drug tr eatment records and ordering, stocking, compounding, repackaging, and dispensing medications and other supplies .

14.  The pharmacy technician in a hospital setting : ▪ takes part in functions involving delivery,stocking, o r inventorying of medications anywhere in the hospital ▪ may operate manual or computerized robotic dispensing machinery Hospital pharmacies (and drugstore chains) are more likely than community pharmacies to require that pharmacy technicians be certified.

15. Dispenses oral medications. . Prepares and dispenses parenteral medications. . Sometimes specializes, with advanced training in an area of patient care. . Educates and counsels patients. . Provides drug information. . Administers a department ▪ develops policies and procedures ▪ purchases drugs and supplies ▪ monitors drug use in the hospital

16. According to code of ethics, to assist members in maintaining proper professional conduct while carrying out their duties as hospital pharmacists. . It is divided into five parts, each specifying a hospital pharmacist's proper relationship:- 1. with the general public and patients. 2.with the pharmacy profession and fellow pharmacists. 3. with the members of other health care professions. 4. with the hospital or the employing institution. 5. with the pharmaceutical industry.

17. With the general public and patients: - observe the laws, and in particular those related to the practice of pharmacy - regard the health and safety of patients as his/her prime concern, and respect the confidentiality of patients' information; - refuse to manufacture, supply or lend support to the promotion of substandard preparations or other u nworthy products; - to assist and educate patients and the general public on matters related to the usage of drugs and pharmaceutical products. With the pharmacy profession and fellow pharmacists: -uphold the honour and dignity of the pharmacy profession . - endeavour to provide and maintain hospital pharmacy services up to the highest standard of the profession.

18. - assist fellow pharmacists with information and advice With the members of other health care professions: - collaborate with members of other health care professions in order to optimize patient care. -provide unbiased, scientifically-based information related to drugs and pharmaceutical products to other health care professionals. -not publicly criticize the ability or performance of other health care professionals, although matters concerning drugs and pharmaceutical products may be expressed in private to the professional involved.

19. With the hospital or the employing institution: - observe the policies and standards of the hospital or the employing institution and act in its best interest. - not agree to practice under any working condition which may interfere with his/her professional autonomy nor impose such conditions on their pharmacists . With the pharmaceutical industry. -act honorably in dealings with members of the pharmaceutical industry. -not associate himself/herself with the advertisement of pharmaceutical products.

20. TODAY'S PHARMACIST: Dispense and compound drugs. Gather information about patients. Counsel patients about necessary adverse effects and side effects. Monitoring for drug interactions. Screen, Monitor and advice forfor self treatment with over the counter drugs. Products sold without prescription. Provide drugs information to other healthcare professionals. Advice on home health care supplies and other medications.

21. THANKS YOU!