handling and safety of chemicals for laboratory .ppt

Chemical handling and knowing the stability,hazardous and environmental effect is very important

2. Person At Work
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Ergonomic
• Noise
• Heat
• Pressure
• Height
• Hazardous chemicals/gaseous/dust
• Odor/Mist/Vapor
• Bacteria/Virus
• SARS/Aids/Bloodborne
Pathogen/Influenza
• Sexual harrestment
• Work pressure
• Family
• Drug/alcohol

3. Legal requirement pertaining to hazardous
chemicals to health in Malaysia:
Factories And Machinery Act 1967

Environmental Quality Act 1974

Petroleum (Safety Measures) Act 1984

Occupational Safety And Health Act 1994
Philosophy And Principles

4. Control Of Industrial Major
Accident Hazard Regulations
1996
Classification, Packaging
& Labeling Regulations
1997
Use & Standards Of
Exposure Of Chemicals
Hazardous To Health
Regulations 2000
Guidelines
Control of hazardous chemicals
Labeling of hazardous
chemicals Monitoring of
airborne contaminants
CHRA
Classification of hazardous
chemicals Medical
surveillance
MSDS formulation
Preparation chemical register
PPE against
chemical hazards
HIRARC
OSHA 1994

5. Chemicals Hazardous To Health
Listed in Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And
Health (Use And Standards Of Exposure Of Chemicals
Hazardous To Health) Regulations 2000;
Possesses any of the properties categorized in part B
of Schedule I of the Occupational Safety And Health
(Classification, Packaging And Labeling) Regulations
1997;
Comes within the definition of “pesticides” under the
Pesticides Act 1974;
Is listed in the First Schedule of the Environmental
Quality (Scheduled Wastes) Regulations 2005

6. Principles Of Health Risk Control
st Principle
All hazards can be control in some manner and to some
degree
nd Principle
There are usually many alternate methods of control
rd Principle
Some methods are better than others
th Principle
Some situations will require more than one
control method to obtain optimum results
1
2
3
4

7. Practicable
Have been used on Regulation 14 with respect to the reduction of
exposure to the lowest practicable level. The practicability depends
on four factorsfour factors as follows:
The severity of the hazards or risk in questions
The state of knowledge about the hazard or risk and any way
of removing or mitigating the hazard or risk
The availability and suitability of
ways to remove or mitigate the
hazard or risk; and
The cost of removing or
mitigating
the hazard or risk

8. Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL)
Reg. 6 (I) Part III of USECHH 2000
Employer to ensure exposure to person to any
chemicals hazardous to health listed in Schedule I at
no time exceed the ceiling limit.
How to measure exposure limit is exceeded or not ?
PEL – ceiling limit or an eight-hour time-weighted
average airborne concentration or maximum exposure
limit.
Monitoring – PEL or MEL
PEL do not represent safe level.
Keep the level of exposure as
low as practicable.

9. Control Measures Under Reg. 15
Elimination Of Hazard / Risk
Work activity/process involve use of a hazardous
chemicals that is not essential, eliminate wherever
practicable.
Using a physical process rather than a chemical
process to clean an object, eg. Ultrasonic
cleaning;
Using clips, clamps or bolts instead of an
adhesive;
Purchasing supplies of materials in already cut
and sized form rather than carrying out dust
producing cutting process on site.
1.

10. Substitution
Substitute of materials
Replacing a chlorinated degreasing solvent
with detergent;
Using a water based paint in place of an organic
solvent based paint;
Using a chemical in paste or pallet form rather than a
dusty powder;
Using a lead free solder paste rather than a lead based
solder.
Substitute of process or equipment
Brush application of paint rather than aerosol
application;
Dipping in a paint bath rather than spray painting.
2.
Control Measures Under Reg. 15

11. Isolation
Removing the source of hazard exposure from workers by:
Placing the source in another location
Enclosing or shielding the source with physical barrier
Automating the process in a closed system or separation by
distance or the use of barrier to prevent exposure;
Removal and storage of materials in a separate location.
Tank farms separated from the process area
Automated process are used in chemical
processing and petroleum refining
Heat barriers and soundproof enclosures
Removal of worker to a control room that is
separate from the processing plant/area.
3.
Examples of application:
Control Measures Under Reg. 15

12. Engineering Control
Plant, process or equipment that minimize the generation of
hazardous substances, suppress or contain hazardous
substances or limit the area of contamination in the event of
spill or leak.
Ventilated booth for spray
painting
Robot welding
LEV attached to grinding
machines
Automation of the removal of

objects from degreasing baths
Closed reaction vessels
4.
Control Measures Under Reg. 15

13. Form Of Safe Work Of System
LEV
Concept – remove contaminants at source
Design
- Approved by P.E.
- Built according to design

specifications
- Tested by P.E.
Capture Velocity
The velocity that that is necessary
to control the contaminant at the
farthest distance from the hood.
Determined by:
- Velocity & direction
- Quantity of contaminants
- Secondary air current
- Toxicity
- Size of exhaust
hood - Escape
point
Test, Inspect, Examination & Maintenance
- By Hygiene Tech.
- Defined intervals not more than 12 months
Record Keeping
- Kept by employer -
Inspected at appropriate
intervals by employer which
shall not be longer than one
month

14. Safe Work System And Practices
Is a formal work procedures in order to identify all
hazards, eliminate it and minimized risks.
It integrates men, machineries and materials.
Documented hazard precautions – use in OJT.
General duties of employer under Section 15 of
OSHA 1994.
5.
Control Measures Under Reg. 15

15. Steps To Safe
System Of Work
Component of safe system of work – People, Machinery, Plant, Equipment,
Materials, Environment & Place Of Work
Identify the hazards
Define safe methods
Implement the
system
Monitor the
system
Assess the risk
- What is used?
- Who does what?
- Where the task carried
out? - How the task is done?
- JSA / HIRARC -
Inspection/audit
- Procedures
- Reports -
Records -
Feedback
- Consider preparation & authorization at the start of the job
- Ensure clear planning of job sequence
- Specify safe work method -
Include mean of access & escape if relevant -
Consider the task of dismantling, disposal at the end of the job
- Periodic check -
System OK
- Carried effectively
- Changes
require
alteration
Control Measures Under Reg. 15

16. Form Of Safe Work Of System
PTWPTW
LOTOLOTO
Safe Operating ProceduresSafe Operating Procedures
Rules & ProceduresRules & Procedures
VerbalVerbal
Define the work
How to make it safe
Identify
hazard
Precaution taken
Describes checking
method Identify
Responsibilities
- Confined space
- Hot
work
- Working at
height -
Electrical work
Locking off means machines is put to a safe condition by a
person (s) about to make adjustment or perform certain
maintenance function
Written system detailing step by step instruction on how to
perform a task safely
HIGH RISKHIGH RISK
LOW RISKLOW RISK

17. Personal Protective Equipment6.
Most of employers choice.
Very simple – settle most of the hazard/risk.
Cheap
Did not eliminate hazard/risk.
Use with other control measures.
Control Measures Under Reg. 15

18. Control Of Carcinogens
What is Carcinogen?
Chemical substances which have been identified as suspected or
established carcinogens or substances associated with industrial processes
which have been identified under Schedule II, Regulation 27(2) and
classified as carcinogens in CLP Regulations 1997.
How To Control Exposure To Carcinogen?
Total enclosure
Minimize & control spills, leaks, dust, fumes & vapors at plant or process
Limit quantities at place of work
Minimized person exposure
Prohibit eating, drinking and smoking at carcinogenic area
Hygiene measures – washing facilities & regular cleaning of walls
Warning signs on carcinogenic areas
Safe storage, handling & disposal – closed and clearly labeled containers

19. Other Control Measures
Monitoring
Legal Requirement
Procedure
Record
General
- Use valid & suitable techniques.
- Quantitative estimation of exposure. -
Results compared to exposure
standard.
- Approved method of analysis.
- Determine the effectiveness of
control measure.
- CHRA by an approved Assessor.
- Monitoring exposure done by a
Hygiene Technician.
- Monitoring chemicals under Schedule
II – interval not more than 6 month.
- Maintain record of monitoring for at
least 30 years.
- When & how monitoring to be
done.
- Sampling procedure & analytical
method.
- Frequency.
- How results to be interpreted.
- Kept in any form.
- Readily retrievable &
understood.
- Can be compared with any
health records required under the
health surveillance requirements.

20. Occupational Medical Surveillance
Any examination and investigations to detect
exposure levels and early biological effects and
responses, and includes biological monitoring,
biological effect monitoring, medical
surveillance, enquires about symptoms of
occupational poisoning or occupational disease
and review of records and occupational history.
Monitoring of a person for the purpose of
identifying changes in health status due to
occupational exposure to chemicals hazardous
to health.
- Periodic medical examination
- Biological monitoring and biological
effect monitoring
- Health effects monitoring
- Investigation of occupational disease
and poisoning including workplace
inspections
- Notification of occupational disease and
poisoning
- Assist in disability assessment
- Return to work examination after medical
removal protection.
- Record keeping and monitoring
Health Surveillance
Medical Surveillance
Component Of Medical
Surveillance

21. Information, Instruction And Training
Nature & degree of risk to health – substance involved &
factors that may increase the risk
Control measures adopted – reason, how to use properly
Reason for PPE & clothing – what job necessary
Monitoring procedures – arrangement for access to results
and notification if a maximum exposure limits exceeded
Health surveillance – duty to attend, arrangement for access
to individual health records and the collective results of health
surveillance.
Records – documented
Review – at least once in 2 years, changes in hazard /
chemicals & assigned a new task/area.

22. Labeling And Re-labeling
Labeling
Easy identification by product name during handling.
According to CPL Regulations 1997 & Guidelines on the Labeling Of
Hazardous Chemical 1998
Re-labeling
When the labels are removed, defaced, modified or altered while the
chemical hazardous to health is being used.
Chemical is transferred to another container other than the original
container.
Re-labeling requirement depend on whether the substance is consumed
immediately or over a longer period of time.
If used within a normal shift – label with the chemical name of trade name as
per the original label. The container need not to be re-labeled if the chemical
is used immediately.
Container containing pesticides & scheduled wastes – shall be re-labeled in
accordance with the requirements of each relevant legal requirement.

23. Access To CSDS –
Keep At Place For
Easy Access
Safe Handling Of
Hazardous Chemicals
Hard Copy Or Soft
Copy
Latest Revision
Copies Readily
Available For
Reference/Training
Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)

24. Warning Signs
•Posted at every entrance
•Other relevant information are
given – likely to be at risk
•Illuminated & cleaned – readily
visible
Features Of Warning Signs:
- Give warning of the hazard
- Both language
- Attract attention
Standard Specifications:
- MS 980
- MS 981
- MS 982
- MS 983

25. 1. Menghidu (Inhalation)
2. Penyerapan Melalui Kulit (Skin
Absorption) – Mata Atau Kulit
3. Tertelan (Ingestion)
4. Cara Lain?
Method Of Exposure
How Can Chemical Hazardous To Health Enters A
Human Body?

26. Health Effect Of Chemicals
Hazardous To Health
Acute Effect)
Chronic/Long Term Effect
Reversible Effect
Irreversible Effect

27. Factors Influence Toxicity Hazardous Chemical
•Route of exposure
•Type of chemical
•Physicochemical
properties
•Duration of exposure
•Concentration of exposure
•Effects of chemicals
interaction
•Age
•Sex
•Allergies
•Genetic make-up
•Immunological status
•Nutritional status
•Concurrent disease
Chemicals Human