Harbours and docks

harbours and docks and therir types

1. HARBOURS AND DOCKS Presentation by M.HARISH BABU

2. BASIC DEFINATIONS HARBOUR: The sheltered area of the sea in which vessels could be launched, built, repaired, or could seek refuge during storm time and provide loading and unloading facilities of cargo and passengers is called HARBOUR. DOCK: The enclosed area provided for berthing ships to keep them afloat at a uniform level to facilitate loading and unloading of cargo is DOCK.

3. HARBOUR It is a sheltered area. Used for loading and unloading of cargo. Here vessels are built, refueled, repair, and launched. It protects ships naturally and artificially from the fury of the sea. It is situated along the sea shore or river estuary or lake or canal connected to sea.

4. Classification of harbour : Natural harbour : The harbour which is protected from storms and waves by the natural land contours. It consists of part of body of water which is protected and deep enough for anchorage.

5. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR: It is the harbour which is protected from the storms and waves from both sides by manmade structures(break waters). Requires periodic maintenance by dredging.

6. SEMI NATURAL HARBOURS: These are the harbours which are protected from storms and waves on one side by natural land contours and other side by artificial man made construction.

7. Classification based on function: REFUGE HARBOUR: It is used for ships in storms and emergency condition. It provide good anchorage, safety and easy access from the sea. COMMERCIAL HARBOUR: It provides facilities for loading and unloading of cargo.

8. Refuge harbour commercial harbour

9. FISHERY HARBOUR: It is used for loading and unloading of catch . It should have refrigeration stores with plenty of space for storing the catch. MILITARY HARBOUR: It is used for accommodating naval crafts and serves as a supply depot. The layout of this is greatly influenced by its location .

10. Fishery harbour military harbour

11. DOCKS Docks are enclosed areas for berthing the ships to keep them afloat at a uniform level to facilitate loading and unloading of cargo. Necessary for discharging of cargo. As ships requires a number of days for discharging cargo, during which period they need a uniform water level. If ship is subjected to a vertical movement by the tides, great inconvenience will be felt in lifting the cargo from the ship and special arrangements will be needed for lifting the cargo.

12. DOCKS ARE CLASSIFIED AS , > Wet docks > Dry docks WET DOCKS: Docks required for berthing of ships or vessels to facilitate loading and unloading of passengers and cargo are called as WET DOCKS They are also known as HARBOUR DOCKS

13. DRY DOCKS : Dry docks are used for repairs of ships. It is a long excavated chamber having side walls,a semi circular end wall and a floor. The open end of the chamber is provided with a gate and acts as the entrance to the dock.