Hardware components. the motherboard, power supply, and expansion cards.pptx

The System Case encloses most of the key components of the personal computer, including the motherboard, power supply, and expansion cards. The motherboard holds the microprocessor, memory, ROM and most of its electronic components

1. Hardware components & PERIPHERALS Ivan Bageya INSTRUCTOR I

2. TOPICS Inside the case Motherboard Processors Memory Adapters and buses Power Supplies and batteries Input Devices Output Devices

3. LEARNING OUTCOMES Identify Hardware and Software of the Personal Computer Dis-Assemble and Re-Assemble all computers both Laptops and Desktop and PC,s

4. INSIDE THE CASE The System Case encloses most of the key components of the personal computer, including the motherboard, power supply, and expansion cards. The motherboard holds the microprocessor, memory, ROM and most of its electronic components.

5. MOTHERBOARD Motherboard It’s also called the mainboard or system board. It is the primary circuit board that connects and allows communication between all components of the computer. it holds all the components, sockets for CPU, RAM, storage connectors (SATA/M.2), power connectors, and expansion slots ( PCIe ), USB, audio, Ethernet, and display ports at the rear I/O panel Northbridge Chip – handles communication among CPU chip, RAM, expansion cards and southbridge. South Bridge Chip – handles communication among I/O devices such as USB, audio, BIOS, OpticalDD, storage, etc. BIOS (System input output System) – is a software that runs when computer is started and configures the hardware and boot options

6. MOTHERBOARD (CONT.) Back panel Ports- are built- in ports located at the back of the system unit. PS2 mouse/keyboard ports Parallel Port Serial Port VGA Port HDMI Port USB Universal Serial Bus Type A Port Ethernet Port Audio ports Microphone port Speaker port Line- in port

7. PERSONAL SYSTEM/2 (PS/2) PORTS A PS/2 port connects the mouse or keyboard to the computer system. Purple is dedicated for Keyboard. Green is dedicated for Mouse. This port were superseded by USB ports.

8. PARALLEL PORT & CONNECTOR Commonly found on PCs from the early 1980s to early 2000s. It was used to connect peripheral devices such as printers and external storage devices . It was eventually superseded by USB , which provides a smaller connection and significantly faster data transfer rates. A standard parallel port connector has two rows of 25 total pins surrounded by a metal casing Parallel Connector Parallel Port

9. SERIAL PORT/CONNECTOR A serial port is a type of communication interface that transfers information in or out sequentially one bit at a time. It is used to connect old devices such as printers, scanners, and other peripherals to a computer. It was eventually superseded by USB

10. VIDEO GRAPHICS ARRAY (VGA) An interface to transfer video data for displays. Commonly used for monitors & projectors. This port is being superseded by HDMI.

11. HI- DEFINITION MU L TIMEDI A INTERFACE (HDMI) An interface to transfer video and audio data to display and play sound. Commonly used for monitors & projectors. Widely used today.

12. UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS (USB) PORT USB was designed to standardize the connection of peripherals to personal computers, both to communicate with and to supply electric power. It has largely replaced interfaces such as serial ports and parallel ports, and has become common place on a wide range of devices.

13. ETHERNET PORT & CONNECTOR Ethernet Connector Ethernet Port This allows computers to connect to a network and/or internet usually made of copper wires.

14. AUDIO PORTS Microphone Port This allows computers to connect to a network and/or internet usually made of copper wires. Line- in port Lin- out port

15. MOTHERBOARD (CONT.) SERIAL ADVANCED Technology Attachment (SATA) Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) Random Access Memory (RAM) Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

16. SERIAL ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY ATTACHMENT (SATA) SATA is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives, optical drives, and solid- state drives.

17. INTEGRATED DRIVE ELECTRONICS (IDE) IDE cable is a type of cable that connects a hard disk drive or optical disc drive to a computer’s motherboard. IDE is an older standard that is gradually being replaced by SATA.

18. PERIPHERAL COMPONENT INTERCONNECT EXPRESS (PCI- E) is a high- speed serial computer expansion bus standard, designed to replace the older PCI, PCI- X and AGP bus standards

19. Memory Storage Devices These are devices used to store data, programs, and information either permanently or temporarily. Primary Storage (Internal) Directly accessible by the CPU. Fast but volatile (data lost when power is off). Examples: RAM, Cache memory, Registers. Secondary Storage (External) Used for permanent storage of data. Slower but larger capacity. Examples: Hard disk drives (HDDs), Solid-State Drives (SSDs), Optical discs (CDs/DVDs), Flash drives.

20. MAIN MEMORY Random Access Memory (RAM) Card – Volatile memory that acts as a temporary memory for running applications. Volatile – The data will be deleted or gone once the power source is cut- off. The higher the memory (RAM) the more applications could run at the same time. SODIMM DIMM, DDR1 DDR2, DDR3 DDR4, DDR5 Notch

21. MAIN MEMORY (CONT.) RAM frequency is measured in MHz and usually immediately follows the DDR version. For example, 8GB DDR4- 2400 RAM is running at a frequency of 2400MHz. Frequencies of RAM typically range from 800MHz in older DDR2 modules up to 6800MHz in DDR5 .

22. PROCESSORS CPU (Central Processing Unit) – also known as the “Electronic Brain of the Computer”. It performs all the calculations and processes the data into the computer. Several Examples of Processors are: Intel “i” Chip series Celeron, i3, i5, i7, i9, AMD, Snapdragon, Apple’s A bionic Chips

23. PROCESSORS (CONT.)

24. PROCESSORS (CONT.) Notch & Triangle – serves as an indicator which orientation the CPU chip is to be placed on the CPU socket.

25. SECONDARY MEMORY (STORAGE) DISK DRIVES SOLID STATE DRIVE (SSD) HARD DISK DRIVE (HDD) OPTICAL DISK DRIVE (ODD) FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (FDD)

26. BUSES BUS is a common electrical pathway between multiple devices. INTERNAL BUSES EXTERNAL BUSES ORDINARY CABLES

27. POWER SUPPLIES AND BATTERIES UPS (Interruptible Power Supply) – Serves as a backup power for devices. Laptop Battery – Built- in battery & removable battery for laptops. PSU (Power Supply Unit) – distributes power to the whole system unit

28. INPUT DEVICES Input Devices are used for entering data into a computer. It is any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device. Examples: Keyboard, Pointing Devices, Microphone, Scanners, Headset, Webcam

29. INPUT DEVICES (CONT.) Pointing Devices – is an input device that allows a user to control a small symbol, on a screen, called pointer. Desktop usually use a mouse as their pointing device, and laptops use a touchpad. Mouse – is a pointing device that fits under the palm of your hand comfortably. Use to control movement of the pointer and send instructions to the computer or mobile devices. Touchpad – is a small flat rectangular pointing device that is sensitive to pressure and motion. To control the pointer with a touchpad, slide your fingertip across the surface of the pad.

30. INPUT DEVICES (CONT.) Voice & Video Input – Some devices and computers that enable use to speed data instruction using voice and to capture live full- motion images using video input. Microphone is an input device that enables us to speak in a computer or mobile device, most mobile devices have built- in microphones. Headset – which contains both microphone and speaker. Webcam – is a digital video (DV) camera that allows us to capture video and usually audio input for your computer or mobile devices

31. INPUT DEVICES (CONT.) Scanners – is a light sensing input device that converts printed text and images into a form the computer can process. Keyboards – Contains keys you press to enter data and instructions into a computer or mobile device. Contains letters of the alphabet, numbers, punctuation marks, and basic keys.

32. OUTPUT DEVICES Output – uses to convey text, graphics, audio and video. Output devices is any hardware component that conveys information from a computer or mobile device to one or more people. Examples: Printers, Displays, Speaker. Printers – is an output device that produces text and graphic on a physical medium, such as paper or other material.

33. OUTPUT DEVICES Hard Copy or Printout – is the printed content. 3D Printer – can print solid objects, such as clothing, prosthetics, eye wear, implants, toy parts, prototypes, and more. 3D (Three- dimensional) printers may use variety of substance, including plastic, nylon, wood, bronze, and copper to print the layers that create a 3D model.

34. USB PORTS TYPE A TYPE B TYPE C

35. Next we meet Types of Computers, Effects of PCs on health, Security and legal issues, Google android, Memory chips and types: SIMMS, SIMMS, Computer Performance