HARTROT OF COCONUT K R. pptx

HARTROT OF COCONUT K R.pptx

1. HARTROT OF COCONUT K R MICRO NOTES 1

2. HARTROT OF COCONUT PROTOZOA - HARTROT OF COCONUT Coconut Heart Rot: is a serious fungal disease that kill the single growing point of coconut palms by rotting the heart of the palms. Also known as  fatal wilt, bronze leaf wilt, lethal yellowing, and Coronie wilt , this disease of coconut is caused by Phytomonas staheli . This is an acute wilt, and begins at the leaves of the tree, moving down the plant towards the root. K R MICRO NOTES 2

3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom: Plantae Division : Magnaliophyta Class : Liliopsida Order : Arecales Family : Arecaceae Genus : Cocos K R MICRO NOTES 3

4. ETIOLOGY Diseased nuts and heart rots, followed by plant death, have been consistently associated with a Phytophthora species . Unlike P. palmi-vora , this new Phytophthora pathogen of coconut produces abundant and Distinctive oospores, or sexual spores, in host tissue. Each oospore is produced in a mother cell ( oogonium ) that has distinctive blisterlike swellings and a long base. In agar culture, oogonial protuberances become more frequent and consistent. K R MICRO NOTES 4

5. Continued..... Distinguishing between the new coconut Phytophthora and P.palmivora is therefore relatively easy. SYMPTOMS Lethal Yellowing of coconut palm, is a  phytoplasma  disease that attacks many species of  palms . yellowing appears as a blight that kills  palm trees  within 3 to 6 months after the first appearance of symptoms. K R MICRO NOTES 5

6. Continued..... The first symptoms of lethal yellowing are the premature drop of coconuts of any size. Then, the next  inflorescence  that appears has blackened tips, almost all its  male flowers  are dead and black, and it sets no fruit. Soon the lower leaves turn yellow, and the yellowing progresses upward from the older to the younger leaves (Figs: A ,B).  The older leaves then die prematurely, turn brown, and cling to the tree while the younger leaves are turning yellow ( Fig.A )  K R MICRO NOTES 6

7. Continued.... Before long, all the leaves die, as does the vegetative bud. Finally, the entire top of the palm falls away and leaves nothing but the tall trunk of the palm tree, which by now looks like a telephone pole ( Figs.B,D ) Loss of young fruits, brown mottling on immature and mature green fruits. heart rot of plant evident when youngest spear leaf dies, leaf death, death of palm. K R MICRO NOTES 7

8. Symptoms begin at the lower leaves, which turn yellow (A)  later fall off while younger leaves turn yellow (B).  Eventually all the leaves are killed, fall, and are followed by death of the tree bud (B and C) leaving the dead trees standing like utility poles (D). K R MICRO NOTES 8

9. HOST Primarily affects coconut palms  ( Cocos nucifera ) SPREAD Via movement of infected nuts and palms, pruning with contaminated equipment, insects, rodents, wind-driven rain CONTROL : Remove and incinerate diseased nuts and palms K R MICRO NOTES 9

10. MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES Application of recommended dose of fertilizers Drip or basin method of irrigation Frequent watering or irrigation especially during summer months. While irrigation, care should be taken to avoid flow of water from diseases trees to other healthy trees. K R MICRO NOTES 10

11. Avoid damage to the palms Apply Trichoderma viride paste on the diseased portion of the palm Application of 50g of Trichoderma viride in combination of 5kg of neem cake to the diseased palm to control the soil borne fungal spores and mycelium K R MICRO NOTES 11

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13. Recommended spacing should be followed Provide better drainage facilities Trees dried due to bud rot should be removed and Burnt In extreme cases spraying of Copper oxy chloride 3g/lit of water K R MICRO NOTES 13

14. REFERENCES Plant pathology ( second edition)- R.S Mehrotra , Ashok Aggrawal Mbp-e28093-401- agriculture- microbiology.pdf http://www.coconutprotectors.com/wordpress/?page_id=25 https://alohaarborist.com/pest-of-the-month-august-2009-phytophthora-heart-rot/ https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/lethal-yellowing snehalatha -diseases-of- coconut.pdf K R MICRO NOTES 14

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