Hazards ppt

Different type of Industrial Hazards and their safety

1. PRESENTED BY- MR. DEBASHIS PUROHIT M.PHARM,2ND SEMESTER (INDUSTRIALPHARMACY ) REGD. NO-1761617004 DATE-21/03/2018 SCHOOL OF PHARMACEUTICALSCIENCES, SIKSHA ‘O’ ANUSANDHAN (DEEMED TO BE UNIVERSITY), BHUBANESWAR SUBJECT -SCALE UP AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER TOPIC -A SEMINAR ON DIFFERENT INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS AND SAFETY M.PHARM,2 nd SEMeSTER SEMINAR

2. Hazard is a situation which posses a level of threat to life ,health, property or environment. Industrial hazards is any condition produced by industries that may cause injury or death to personnel or loss of property. Safety is a simple term which may be defined as freedom from the occurrence of risk or injury. Industrial safety means safety of workers from any danger of industrial hazards. INTRODUCTION [1]

3. 1-Fire and explosion hazards 2-Electrical hazards 3-Chemical hazards 4-Mechanical hazards 5-Pharmaceutical hazards TYPES OF INDUSTRIAL HAZARDS [2]

4. 1-Fire and explosion hazards

5. Electrical systems that are overloaded, resulting in hot wiring or connections. Combustibles near equipment that generates heat , flame, or sparks. Flammable liquids and aerosols. Electrical wiring in poor condition. Batteries. Smoking in the factory premises by workers . Causes

6. Don’t wear nylon cloths at work place . Each and every section of the industry should have fire extinguisher . Make sure that all employees are familiar with fire extinguisher. Maintaining proper fire exits and proper exit signage (e.g., exit signs pointing to them that can function in a power failure). Prohibiting flammable materials in certain areas of the facility. Smoking is prohibited in industrial premises . PREVENTIONS

7. 1-Fire extinguisher- Water fire extinguisher, Foam fire extinguisher , Dry chemical powder , co2 fire extinguisher, wet chemical fire extinguisher, metal fire extinguisher. 2-Fire tenders- Water fire tender, co2 fire tender, Dry chemical fire tender . SAFETY MEASURES

8. 2-Electrical hazards

9. The improper use of machinery or apparatus. The improper use of electrical outlets . The improper use of electrical equipment, such as cables and power cords . The improper maintenance of apparatus, outlets , and electrical equipment . An overloaded circuit. The improper joints of two wires . CAUSES

10. Use extension cords only for temporary purposes. Do not use any equipment or cords that have splices. Do not use three-to-two prong adapters . Don't overload outlets. PREVENTIONS

11. Electric gadgets should be repaired only by a qualified person. Disconnect electrical gadgets when not in use. Never touch electrical equipment with wet hands . Electric wires or cords, if faulty, should never be used until repaired. Avoid contact with energized electrical circuits. SAFETY MEASURES

12. 3-Chemical hazards

13. Irritants are materials that can cause inflammation of the body surface with which they come in contact . Depressant effect upon the central nervous system , particularly the brain . Hepatotoxic agents can cause damage to the liver. Nephrotoxic agents can damage the kidneys. CAUSES

14. Train employees to follow safe handling and application procedures for maintenance or pesticides,chemicals . Do not use excessive grease or lubricants on equipment . Regularly re-evaluate all procedures to ensure they effectively remove chemicals. Store chemicals in designated areas away from food , ingredients and packaging . PREVENTIONS

15. Respirator must be used in all the gas storage places .(specifically chemical gas ). Body should be fully covered whenever people are interacting with hazardous chemicals. When skin burn happens due to chemicals use alkaline solution always instead of water. SAFETY MEASURES

16. 4-Mechanical hazards

17. Rotating Machinery Causes- Machinery with rotating parts can catch loose clothing , hands or hair, potentially causing serious injuries. Prevention- Ensure rotating shafts, belts and pulleys are covered by guards, lids or covers. Tools Causes -Careless use of tools or use of tools in poor condition can cause injuries to the hands, eyes, head and limbs. Prevention- regularly check tools for defects or damage. CAUSES AND PREVENTIONS

18. Magnets - Causes- Large , powerful magnets or electromagnets can attract other magnets or iron/nickel objects which can cause painful pinching of fingers or hands if caught between the two . Prevention- Inform peoples of this hazard before such magnets are used . Glassware - Causes- Any kind of glassware has the potential to break, thus creating the risk for cuts. Preventions - wear goggles for eye protection. use heat-resistant glassware. clean up any broken glass immediately and dispose of in a special waste bin.

19. Kawai, H . et al; [ 3] explained that Sodium and potassium methoxides are used as an intermediary for a variety of products in several industrial applications. For example, current production of so called “1G-biodiesel ” relies on processing a catalytic reaction called “transesterification”. This reaction transforms lipid resources from biomass materials in to fatty acid methyl and ethyl esters. 1-G biodiesel processes imply the use of methanol, caustic potash (KOH), and caustic soda ( NaOH ) for which the hazards are well characterized. The more recent introduction of the direct catalysts CH3OK and CH3ONa may potentially introduce new process hazards . RESEARCH ARTICLE-1

20. TABLE-1 Available Material Safety Data Sheet information on the hazardous properties of sodium methoxide . Auto-ignition temperature From 50 ◦C to 454 ◦C Decomposition temperature From 50 ◦C to 126 ◦C Reactivity with water From incompatible to violent Reactivity with air Reacts with moist air , ignites in moist air Flammability (fire hazard) From not flammable to highly flammable to extremely flammable Explosive atmosphere In combination with air , upon decomposition , in combination with metals.

21. Fig . Results of the isothermal basket tests for both CH3ONa and CH3OK CONCLUSION-This work employes the more conventional tests for water reactivity as an ignition source, fire and dust explosion hazards, using isothermal basket tests and the fire Propagation Apparatus respectively. It was found that these chemicals can become self-reactive close to room temperature under specific conditions and can generate explosible dust hazards.

22. PietrangeliB et.al; [4] studied a specific methodology for hazard identification in biotechnological processes which has been developed, aimed at the integrated assessment of conventional hazards and biohazards at industrial scale. The potentialities and outcome of the methodology were tested by its application to the anaerobic digestion of animal manure for biogas production, which represents a widespread bioprocess for energy production from renewable sources. RESEARCH ARTICLE-2

23. CONCLUSION -The application of the developed checklist to the present case study which confirmed that the anaerobic digester with integrated gasometer is the most critical piece of equipment, due to the hold-up of biogas (the highest in the entire plant), and to the presence of microorganisms. The digester is the equipment where flammable substances are present (CH4) and where toxic substances (H2S and, to a lesser extent, NH3) could be formed and accumulated in particular operating conditions.

24. Subramanyam C.V.S., Thaimma J. Setty, Devi V.K ,” Pharmaceutical production and management, Vallabh Prakasan,New Delhi ”.(1 ), 393-412,(2004). Eckhoff R. K.,  Dust explosions in the process industries:identification , assessment and control of dust hazards .(9),(2014 ). Kawai, H., Kitajima T ., Fuchino T.,Seki , H .,Naka , Y ..” Quality assessment support system and its use in pharmaceutical plant operations. Computer Chem. Engg .”( 59),156–163.(2013 ). Pietrangeli, B ., Lauri R., Bragatto A..” Safe operation of biogas plants in Italy. Chem. Eng. Trans ”.(32),199–204 .(2013 ). REFERENCES-