Hazop & hazan

Basic Information about HAZOP & HAZAN

1. HAZOP & HAZAN PRESENTED BY SAHIL SHIVAJI GOHAD

2. WHAT IS HAZOP? HAZOP IS AN ACRONYM THAT STANDS FOR HAZ ARD & OP ERABILITY STUDY commonly used as a PHA (Process Hazard Analyzer) A  hazard and operability study (HAZOP) is a structured and systematic examination of a complex planned or existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment. HAZOP is based on a theory that assumes risk events are caused by deviations from design or operating intentions. HAZOP is mainly a RISK ASSESMENT technique. HAZOP is a QUALITATIVE technique.

3. PIONEERED It was first found developed or used at (ICI) Imperial Chemical Industries, UK to analyze major chemical process systems during the late 1960s. ICI no longer exist today in its original form but the HAZOP technique still survives, thrives and grows in importance every day. Now it is also extended to other areas, including mining operations and other types of process systems and other complex systems such as nuclear power plant operation and software development. It is also used as the basis for reviewing Batch processes and operating procedures.

4. HAOP CAN BE BREAK DOWN IN SIX STEPS Identify the Risk by asking what can cause a hazardous event Describe the consequence and assign a severity level Asses the probability of the cause Evaluate the risk based on the severity and probability without any safeguard Asses the risk with safeguards Make a decision to accept the risk or make a recommendation further t o reduce the risk

5. WHERE IS HAZOP USED? HAZOP is used in a wide variety of industries and sectors like: Chemicals and Petrochemicals Oil and gas including refining Power generation Mining and metal Pharmaceutical

6. HAZOP STRUCTURE HAZOP is structured in such a way as to evaluate the design intent of particular part of a plant, called as node and then use guide work to evaluate deviation from intent. DESIGN INTENT Design intent is a term used to describe how the model should be created and how it should behave when it is changed. With a parametric modeller it is very important to plan out the design before modelling . NODES The HAZOP focuses on specific portions of the process called "nodes". Generally these are identified from the P&ID of the process before the study begins .

7. GUIDE WORDS The HAZOP process creates deviations from the process design intent by combining guide words (No, more, less, etc.) with process parameters resulting in a possible deviation from design intent . No More Less As Well As Reverse Other Than

8. EXAMPLE HAZOP node may be a tank that pumps a reactant to the plant every day. The design intent is “transfer liquid from tank to plant” Possible Deviation from intent are evaluated using Guide words such as LESS THAN , MORE THAN , REVERSE , NO & others. Thus possible deviation from design intent would be Liquid quantity transferred is less than intented . Liquid flow is reverse. And so on until all possible deviations are analyzed. Now every deviation is analyzed and MITIGATED via adequate measures MITIGATION may be multiple for each deviation all nodes need to be analyzed in this manner.

9. DIFFERENT TYPES OF HAZOP Conceptual Greenfield Brownfield Decommissioning CHAZOP (Computer HAZOP)

10. HAZOP Team

11. HAZAN HAZAN stands for Haz ard An alysis and is a technique that focuses on job tasks as a way to identify hazards before they occur. HAZAN takes into account the relationship between the employee, the task to be done, the tools at the workers disposal and the surrounding environment. Once uncontrolled hazards have been identified by a HAZAN analysis, steps can be taken to either eliminate risks or reduce risk to an acceptable level.

12. What is hazard? Hazard is the potential for harm. A hazard is often associated with a condition or activity that can cause undesired consequences such as injury or illness if left uncontrolled. Basically , a hazard can cause harm or adverse health effects to individuals or to organizations as property or equipment losses . Types of hazard Chemical hazards Physical hazards Biological hazards (biohazards ) Ergonomic hazards Noise hazards

13. Chemical hazards Chemicals can affect skin by contact. Chemicals can also enter our body either through the inhalation or digestive system if air is contaminated with chemicals, vapor, mist or dust. The accumulation of chemicals in or on our body will cause acute (immediate) effect or chronic (long-term) effect . Physical hazards Physical hazard will cause injury risks on our body. This category includes the hazards from working in confined spaces, being hit by flying objects, caught in explosions, hurt by collapsing machinery, falling from heights and tripping on obstacles . Biological hazards (biohazards ) B iohazards refer to biological substances that pose a harm to the health of living organisms. Sources of biological hazards may include insects, bacteria, fungi, plants, worms, animals and viruses. These sources can cause a variety of health effects ranging from skin irritation and allergies to infections, cancer and so on.

14. Ergonomic hazards Ergonomic hazards refer to workplace conditions that pose the risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system of the worker. These injuries can be caused by performing repetitive and forceful movements and awkward postures that arise from improper work methods and improperly designed workstations, tools, and equipment . Noise hazards Excessive noise can disrupt concentration, interfere with communication and result in loss of hearing. High impact noises are particularly damaging. Noise can also mask out signals and affecting communication with others.

15. What is Hazard Analysis? HAZARD ANALYSIS Analyzing their potential cause Result of a Hazard Analysis is the identification of different types of hazard First step in a process used to access risk Process of recognizing hazards that may arise from a system or its environment

16. Hazard Analysis Procedure Examine the job and determine the components Identify tasks likely to present hazards Identify and assess hazards Determine and devise controls measures Develop safe work procedures if hazards cannot be eliminated

17. How to identify and analyze hazard? Identify the hazards of each step. For each hazard, ask: What can go wrong? What are the consequences? How could it arise? What are other contributing factors? How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

18. Hazard analysis methods Process Hazard Analysis Event Tree Analysis Failure Modes And Effect Analysis Fault Tree Analysis Cause-consequence Diagram Hazard And Operability Studies

19. What is the difference between HAZOP and HAZAN? The main goal of  HAZAN  is to provide the best selection of means of controlling or eliminating the risk. A hazard and operability ( HAZOP ) study is a design review technique used for hazard identification, and for the identification of design deficiencies which may give rise to operability problems

20. THANK YOU