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1. ADDICTION Psychological health and medical sociology Ph. Zeena N. AlKhalidi Ms. Community medicine

2. ((Addiction is a common problem, but help is ALWAYS available))

3. Objectives of Addiction lecture are: Definition of the topic Identifying types of addiction Explore the risk factors what are the signs ? Identify the Complication of addiction Prevention and control process for : addiction SAFER policy for alcohol UNODC strategy for drug problem

4. What is addiction ?? An addiction is a chronic dysfunction of the brain system ( normal function of brain system) that involves reward, motivation, and memory. It’s about the way that body craves a substance or behavior, especially if it causes a compulsive or obsessive pursuit of “reward” and lack of concern over consequences. Someone experiencing an addiction will: *Be unable stay away from the substance or stop the addictive behavior. *Display a lack of self-control. *Have an increased desire for the substance or behavior. *Dismiss how their behavior may be causing problems. *Lack an emotional response.

5. The most common types of addiction: Substance addiction: * Alcohol * N icotine, found in tobacco *THC, found in marijuana THC : is tetrahydrocannabinol responsible for the effect of marijuana on mental state. *Opioid (narcotics), or pain relievers *Cocaine Behavioral addiction: * Work *Technology and internet * Solvents: fumes and gases inhaled e.g. cigarette lighter refills, acetone, benzene *Shopping *Gambling

6. Prevalence / Alcohol

7. General Video Game Addiction Statistics Over two billion people  play video games worldwide, and the number is likely to surpass three billion by 2023. 3-4 % of gamers are addicted to video games. In a  2021 systematic review and meta-analysis , the global prevalence of gaming disorder was found to be 3.05%. That means there can be as many as 60 million people (or more) suffering from gaming disorder. Between 0.3% and 1% of the general population have symptoms associated with gaming disorder. 8.5%  of youths aged between 8-18 suffer from gaming disorder . 49 %  of all American adults have played video games, but only 10% consider themselves “gamers.”

8. Dose smoking (cigar or hooka ) consider a sign of wealth and prosperity ??    

9. Risk factors ▪ Genetics . ▪Environnement. ▪Dual diagnoses = comorbdity , which means : the person s having acombination of drug addiction and mental illness , e.g . depression with alcoholism . ▪Mis-use .  early use, drugs of choice and method of use .

10. What are the signs ? Most signs are related to a person’s impaired ability to maintain self-control: * Social changes, such as seeking out situations that encourage a substance or behavior. *Behavioral changes, such increased secrecy. *Health related changes, such as insomnia or memory loss. *Personality changes.

11. What are the signs? Some behavior and emotional changes associated with addiction include: *unrealistic or poor assessment of the positive and negative associated with using substances or behaviors. *Blaming other factors or people for their problems. *Increased levels of anxiety, depression, and sadness. *Increased sensitivity and more severe reactions to stress. *Trouble identifying feelings. *Trouble telling the difference between feelings and the physical sensations of one’s emotions.

12. Complications : Addiction that’s left untreated can lead to long-term consequences : *Physical, such as heart disease, HIV/AIDS, and neurological damage. *Psychological and emotional, such as anxiety, stress, and depression. *Social, such as jail and damaged relationships. *Economic, such as bankruptcy and debt. *Permanent health complications and serious consequence may lead to suicide.

13. C omplication Individual *Pathological effect on body systems and organs . *Communicable disease risk. *Mental and psychological disturbance. *Immoral behaviors: illegal ways to get money, stress, secrets and anger. *Impaired individual self esteem and achievements (school, university and work). Community *Family instability and breakdown. *Accidents and criminal issues. *Stigma ???

14. Prevention and control

15. Prevention and control The golden will

16. Prevention and control ◗ Iraqi constitution guarantees human freedom and the right to a free and dignified life without causing harm to him. ◗ Addiction in all its types is a worldwide problem not confined to a certain country. ◗ Achieving a clear progress with tangible results in the context of treating, by 3 pillars THERAPY, SUPPORT, EDUCATION . ◗ Multi-systemic involvement: *The role of the Ministry of health. *The role of the Ministry of Justice. *The role of the Ministry of education and higher education *The role of the civil society organizations. *The role of the religious scholars, religious institutions and community notables figures. *Effective partnership between the legislature and community.

17. Continue, WHO International policies for alcohol - SAFER In 8th of September 2018 in New York, WHO released SAFER, a new initiative and technical package outlining five high impact strategies that can help governments to reduce the harmful use of alcohol and related health, social and economic consequences .(every 10 seconds we lose alive due to alcohol and its related health issues) ◗Strengthen restrictions on alcohol . ◗Advance and enforce drink driving . ◗Facilitate access to screening . ◗Enforce comprehensive restrictions on alcohol advertising. ◗Raise prices on alcohol.

18. Control of the world drug problem (UNODC STRATEGY 2021-2025 ): united nation office on drugs and crime strategy * Improve prevention treatment and care. *Greater access to controlled medications for those in need . *Sustainable alternatives to illicit drug cultivation. *Strengthened international law enforcement cooperation. *Better understanding and monitoring of illicit drug markets. *Effective criminal justice responses to trafficking.

19. Refrences 1. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-body/addiction-what-is-it/ 2. https://www.who.int/health-topics/drugs-psychoactive#tab=tab_1 3. KOICA And Hallym University. 4. UNODC STRATEGY 2021-2025. 5. Health Line blog.