HEAD INJURY management and prevention.pptx

i deal the proper knowledge about head injury and specific management prevention

1. CHHATTISHGARH NURSING COLLEGE DHANORA , BHILAI SUBJECT - ADULT HEALTH NURSING –II TOPIC - HEAD INJURY PRESENTATED TO PRESENTED BY

2. TOPIC – HEAD INJURY

3. INTRODUCTION A HEAD INJURY IS A BROAD TERM THAT DESCRIBES A VAST ARRAY OF INJURY THAT OCCUR TO THE SCALP, SKULL,BRAIN,AND UNDERLYING TISSUE AND BLOOD VESSELS IN THE HEAD.

4. DEFINITION *ACCORDING TO USHA RAVINDRAN NAIR:- HEAD TRAUMA MAY BE DEFINE AS INJURY TO THE SCALP ,SKULL OR BRAIN. *ACCORDING TO BRUNNER AND SUDDARTH:- HEAD INJURY IS A BROAD CLASSIFICATION THAT INCLUDES INJURY TO THE SCALP,SKULL,OR BRAIN.

5. INCIDENCE THE INCIDENCE ESTIMATED THAT NEARLY 1MILLION PERSON ARE INJURY 200000 PEOPLE DIE AND NEARLY 1 MILLION REQUIRE REHABILITATION SERVICES EVERY YEAR IN INDIA.

6. ANATOMY OF BRAIN

7. PHYSIOLOGY IT COORDINATE ACTIVITIES OF THE BODY SO THAT MACHANISM AND HORMONAL REACTION OF THE BODY WORK TOGETHER. IT RECIEVES INFORMATION CARRING NERVE IMPULSE FROM ALL THE SENSORY ORGAN OF THE BODY. IT STORES INFORMATION SO THAT THE BEHAVIOUR OF HUMAN BEINGS CAN BE MODITIED ACCORDING TO THE PAST EXPERIENCE. IT CO-RELATED THE VARIOUS STIMULUS FROM DIFFERENT SENSE ORAGAN AND PRODUCE APPROPRIATE RESPONSE.

8. CLASSIFICATION ACCORDING TO GLASSGOW COMA SCALE (GCS)HEAD INJURY IS CLASSIFIED 1.MILD:- GLASSGOW COMA SCALE 13-15 WITH LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS TO 15 MINUTES. 2.MODERATE :- GLASSGOE COMA SCALE 9-10WITH LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS GREATER THAN 6 HOURS. 3.SEVERE :- GLASSGOW COMA SCALE 3-8WITH LOSS OF CONSCIOUS GREATER THAN 6 hours.

9. TYPES OF HEAD INJURY 1.SCALP INJURY. 2.SKULL INJURY 3.SKULL FRACTURE :- 1.LINEAR SKULL FRACTURE. 2.DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURE. 3.BASILAY SKULL FRACTURE.

10. ETIOLOGY 1.ALCOHOL AND SMOKING

11. 2.ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENT.

12. 3.FALL.

13. 4.SPORT INJURY.

14. 5.VIOLENCE.

15. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY BRAIN SUFFERS TRAUMATIC INJURY BRAIN SWELLING OR BLEEDING INCREASES INTRACRANIAL VOLUME RIGID CRANIUM ALLOW NO ROOM FOR EXPANSION OF CONTAINS SO INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE INCREASE. PRESSURE ON BLOOD FLOW TO THE BRAIN TO SLOW CEREBRAL HYPOXIA AND ISCHEMIA OCCUR INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE CONTINUES TO RAIS BRAIN MAY HERNIATE CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW CEASES

16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 1. COMA:- LACK OF ADEAUATE BLOOD SOPPLY AND MINERALS TRANSMISSION IN THE BRAIN THAT CAN CAUSE COMA. 2.CONFUSION: - LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY IN THE BRAIN AND FLUID DEFICIENT INSUFFICIENT CAN LEAD TO CONFUSION. 3.IRRITABILITY: - DAMAGE TO THE BRAIN CAN CAUSED EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL CHANGES. 4.HEADACHE:- LACK OF BLOOD AND FLUID SUPPLY IN BRAIN THAT CAN CAUSE HEADACHE. 5.LOSS OF SENSATION:- LACK OF BLOOD SUPPLY IN THE BRAIN THAT CAN LEAD TO LOSS OF SENSATION.

17. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION 1.BLOOD TEST

18. 2.CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY.

19. 3.CT SCAN.

20. 4.X-RAY.

21. 5.NEUROLOGICAL EXAMINATION.

22. MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY CARE 1. SEVERE HEAD INJURY IS BEST MANAGED IN A NEUROINTENSIVE CARE SETTING . 2. THE PATIENT SHOULD BE POSITIONED WITH THE HEAD UP 30 DEGAEE. 3. MONITOR VITAL SIGN EVERY 5 MINUTES . 4. IMMEDIATELY TRANSPORT THE PATIENT. 5. ASSESS THE PATIENT BASELINE LEVEL OF CONSCIOUSNESS. CONTROL BLEEDING * DO NOT APPLY PRESSURE TO AN OPEN OR DEPRESSED SKULL INJURY . *DRESS AND BANDAGE OPEN WOUND AS INDICATED IN THE TRATMENT OF SOFT TISSUE INJURY –LOOSE GAUZE DRESSINGS.

23. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT 1.ANTIINFLAMMATORY DRUG ACETAMINOPHEN TABLET DOSE – 500MG ROUTE – ORAL. ACTION – TO RELIEVE PAIN AND FEVER MUSCLE RCHES. SIDE EFFECT – ITCHING, NAUSEA,DIRRHEA,DIZZINESS. 2.ANALGESIC DRUG IBUPRIFEN TABLET DOSE - 400MG ROUTE – ORAL ACTION ,- TO PREVENT PAIN AND FEVER SIDE EFFECT - FAST IRREGULAR BREATHING TIREDNESS HEART DISEADES . 3.ANTICOAGULANT DRUG HEPARIN INJECTION DOSE - 5ML ROUTE - IV ACTION – TO PREVENT BLOOD CLOTTING AND CERTAIN BLOOD VESSELS. 4. OSMOTIC DIURATIC DRUG – MANINITOL INJECTION. DOSE- 50ML ROUTE – IV. ACTION – TO REDUCE SWELLING AND PRESSURE INSIDE THE EYE OR A ROUND THE BRAIN. SIDE EFFECT – SKIN RASH ,CONFUSION, DIARRHEA,UNUSUAL SWEATING. 5.ANTICOAGULANTS- PHEUTOIN TABLET . DOSE- 100mg . ROUTE- TO CONTROL SEIZURES AND PSYCHOMOTER (TEMPORALLOBE). SIDE EFFECT – HEADACHE CONSTIPATION SLEEPY.

24. SURGICAL MANAGEMENT 1.CRANIECTOMY- A CRANIOTOMY IS AN OPEN THE SKULL (CRANIUM ) IN ORDER TO ACCESS THE BRAIN FOR SURGICAL REPAIR. 2. CRANIOPLASTY- IT IS A SURGICAL PROCEDURE SURGICAL REPAIR OF A DEFEAT OR DEFORMITY OF A SKULL. 3. BLEEDING IN THE BRAIN – A BLEEDING IN THE BRAIN CAUSED BY HEAD INJURY IS STOPPED BY A SURGERY. 4. CRANIOTOMY- A CRANIOTOMY IS SURGERY DONE TO REMOVE A PART OF YOUR SKULL IN ORDER TO RELIEVE PRESSURE IN THAT AND ORDER ,WHEN YOUR BRAIN SWELLS.

25. DIETARY MANAGEMENT FRUITS – SPINACH BLUEBERRYS AND STRAWBERRIES CONTAIN HIGH LEVEL OF NUTRIENTS TO GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE BRAIN. VEGETABLES- AVOCADOS,MUSHROOM, GEAPES, FATTY FISH SUCH AS SALMON OR ANCHOVIES TO IMPROVE HEALTHY OF BRAIN. NUTS- WALNUTS AND PUMPKIN SEEDSARE TWO OF THE MOST WIDELY RECOGNIZED BRAIN – BOOSTING SUPER FOODS THAT CAN HELP WITH BRAIN HEALING AFTER A CONCUSSION. OLIVE OIL – COCONUT, POLM AND COCOA BUTTER THEY ARE ALL PROVIDE TO IMPROVE YOUR BODY AND BRAIN. WHOLE GRAIN- WHOLE GRAINS SUCH AS OATS BARLEY AND QUINOA ARE RICH IN MANY OF THE B VITAMIN THAT WORK TO REDUCE INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN.

26. COMPLICATION COMA- THIS RESULT FROM WIDESPREAD DAMAGE TO ALL PARTS OF THE BRAIN. VEGETATIVE STATE- A CRONIC STATE OF BRAIN DYSFUNCTION IN WHICH A PERSON SHOWS NO SIGN OF AWARENESS. ITS POSSIBLE THAT A VEGETATIVE STATE CAN BE COME PERMANENT BUT OFTAN INDIVIDUAL PROGRESS TO A MINIMALLY CONGRATULATIONS. MIMIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE- A MINIMALLY CONSCIOUS STATE IS CONDITION OF SEVERELY ALTERED CONSCIOUSNESS BUT WITH SOME EVIDENCE OF SELF AWARENESD OR AWARENESS OF ONE S ENVIRONMENT. LOCKED –IN SYNDROME – 1.A PERSON IN A LOCKED IN STATE IS AWARE OF HIS SURRONDING AND WAKE SHE ISNT ABLE TO SPEAK OR MOVE 2.A PERSON MAY BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE WITH ARE MOVEMENT OR BLINKING.

27. PREVENTION DO NOT DRINK AND DRIVE AVOID USING MOBLIE DURING DRIVING WEAR HELMENT WHILE RIDING BICYCLE ,MOTOECYCLE. USE AN APPROPRIATE CHILD SAFETY SEAT. WEAR A SEAT BELT IN A CAR.

28. HEALTH EDUCATION AVOID ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION . KEEPVTHEM SAFE AND PROTECT FROM INJURY. PROVIDE THE PATIENT COMFORTABLE REST AND SLEEP TO THE CLIENT FOR FAST WOUND HEALING. ENVIRONMENT SHOULD BE PROPER VENTILATION. COME WEEKLY RATING FOR CHEKUP TO IDENTIFY THE ANY ABNORMALTY

29. CONCLUSION HEAD INJURY IS THE MOST COMMON RESULT TRAFFIC ACCIDENT FOR FURTHER PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PATIENT WITH HEAD INJURY SUBSTRATE AN CT OF THE BRAIN IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE FURTHER PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IT IS USUALLY MINOR HEAD INJURY WITH ASSOCIATED EXTREMITY INJURY.