Health agencies

National and International Health Agencies and role of Nurse in health care agencies

1. Mrs.Nagamani.T Dept of Community Health Nursing Quality Health Care College of Nursing HEALTH A GENCIES

2. Introduction India is rich with many health care agencies • Function: to promote health, to prevent illness and to provide curative services • Aim : to reduce the mortality and morbidity rates

3. Purpose of Health care Agencies;  Provision for promotive and preventive care  Rendering curative services  Reduction in population growth rate  Improvement in nutritional status  Improvement in sanitation facilities  Development of manpower resources  Provision for safe water and food supply  Increasing the literacy rate  Reducing the levels of poverty

4. ncies Types of health care agencies There are a number of agencies( multilateral organizations) and bodies that have a role in delivering health services. Some are involved in delivering services while others are regulatory and/or advisory . International Health Agencies National Health Agencies.

5. International Health Agencies National Health Agencies. WHO UNFPA UNDP World Bank FAO UNICEF DANIDA European Commission Red Cross USAID UNESCO COLOMBO Plan ILO CARE etc Indian Red Cross Indian Council for Child Welfare Family Planning Association of India Tuberculosis of India Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh Central Social Welfare Board All India Women’s Conference Blind Association of India etc.

6. International Health Agencies

7. OBJECTIVES OF WHO Main Objective : “The attainment by all peoples of the highest level of health” which is set out in the preamble of the constitution OBJECTIVES IN THE PREAMBLE OF WHO : Complete state of physical, mental and social well being No discrimination in path of attainment of highest standard of health. Good Health is for attainment of peace and security. Good health is valued to all Equal development in promotion and control of disease in all the countries Extension to all people of the benefits of medical, psychological and related knowledge. Informed opinion and active co-operation

8. MEMBERSHIP IN WHO Open to all countries. Most of the members of both the UN and the WHO. Territories which are not responsible for the conduct of their relations may be admitted as Associate members. Associate members participate without vote in deliberations of the WHO. Each member contributes yearly to the budget and each is entitled to the services and aid the organization can provide.

9. WORK OF WHO: Prevention and control of specific diseases Development of Comprehensive services Family health Bio-Medical Research Health Statistics Environmental Health, Health literature and information Co-operation with other organisation

10. The World Health Assembly: Supreme governing body and the health parliament of nations. Annual meeting-May, Venue-Geneva It is composed of Delegates from different respective countries and each is given the power of one vote

11. Functions: International health policy and programmes Review the work of the past year. Approve the budget of the following year. Approve the budget needed for the following year. Elect Member states to designate a person to serve for three years on the executive board and to replace the retiring members

12. The Executive Board It has18 members which had been incremented to 31 members by the health assembly. Members to be technically qualified in the field of health Designated by their respective governments, but do not represent their respective governments. One third of the membership is renewed every year .

13. The Executive Board Executive board meets every year in the month of January and May after the meeting of the World Health Assembly. The main work of the board is to give affect to the decisions and policies of the assembly Emergent and immediate action in epidemics, earthquakes

14. Headed by the Director General Function: To provide member states with technical and managerial support for their national development programmes. There are 5 Assistant Director Generals who are assigned different tasks by the Director General

15. SOUTH-EAST ASIA-New Delhi(India) Africa-Harare(Zimbabwe) Americas-Washington D.C(U.S.A) Europe-Copenhagen(Denmark) Western Pacific Manila(Philippines ) Western Pacific

16. Specialised agency of the United Nations. Established in 1946 to rehabilitate children in war ravaged countries Headquarters-New York Works in collaboration with FAO,UNDP,WHO and UNESCO Provides assistance in varied fields of MCH and envt.sanitation.

17. FUNDING: Funding is derived voluntarily from governmental and non-governmental organisations. Services provided by UNICEF: Child health Child nutrition Family health and child welfare Education(Formal and non-formal)

18. Established in the year 1966 To help poorer nations develop their human and natural resources more fully. The UNDP projects cover virtually every economic and social Sector agriculture, industry, education and science, health, social welfare.

19. UNDP’S activities: UNDP's network links and coordinates global and national efforts to reach these Goals. Their foc . us is helping countries build and share solutions to the challenges of: Democratic Governance Poverty Reduction Crisis Prevention and Recovery Environment and Energy HIV/AIDS

20. The food and agriculture organization(FAO) was formed in the year 1945 with headquarters in Rome. It was United Nations organization specialized agency created to look after several areas of world co-operation.

21. AIMS OF FAO: The chief aims of FAO are as follows; 1)to help nations raise living standards. to improve the nutritional status of people of all countries. to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry and fisheries. to better the condition of rural people and better the opportunity of productive work.

22. The International labour Organisation was established in the year 1919. The International Labour Organization ( ILO ) is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour standards and decent work for all. 185 of the 193 UN member states are members of the ILO. In 1969, the organization received the Nobel Peace Prize for improving peace among classes, pursuing justice for workers, and providing technical assistance to other developing nations.

23. The purposes of ILO are as follows: To contribute to the establishment of lasting peace by promoting social justice. To improve through international action , labour conditions, and living standards. To improve economic and social stability

24. The United States Agency for International Development ( USAID ) is the United States federal government agency primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid. Responding to President Obama's pledge in his January 2013 State of the Union address to "join with our allies to eradicate extreme poverty in the next two decades,“ USAID has adopted as its mission statement "to partner to end extreme poverty and to promote resilient, democratic societies while advancing the security and prosperity of the United States.“ USAID operates in Africa , Asia , Latin America and Europe .

25. ACTIVITIES OF USAID The US government is assisting in a number of projects designed to improve the health of Indian people. 1)Malaria eradication 2)Medical education 3)Nursing education 4)Health education 5)Water supply and sanitation 6)Control of communicable diseases 7)Nutrition 8)Family planning

26. INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS The red cross is a non-political and non- official international humanitarian organization The first Geneva convention took place in 1864 and a treaty was signed for the relief of the wounded and sick of the armies in the field .Thus came into being the International committee of red cross(ICRC).

27. Role of Red cross: It was largely confined to the victims of the war. mainly it tries to involve itself into activities like first aid in case of war like situations,MCH services lately it has tried to extend it’s research in Disaster management and has designed emergency protocols.

28. “ Co-operative for assistance and relief everywhere” founded in North America in the wake of the second world war in the year 1945. It is on of the world’s largest independent, non- profit, non-sectarian international relief and development organistaion. CAREprovides enmergency aid and long term development assistance. Operation in India from 1950

29. Activities: CARE-India focused it’s food support in the ICDS programme and in developments of programmes in areas of health and income supplementation. It is helping in the following projects: Integrated nutrition and health projects, better health and nutrition projects , anemia control project, improving women’s health projects, improved health care for adolescent's girls projects, child survival projects, Improving women’s reproductive health and family spacing project. CARE-India works in partnership with the government of India, state Government, NGO’s etc. Currently it has projects in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, MP, Maharashtra, Orissa and UP and West- Bengal.

30. The World Bank, established in 1944, is headquartered in Washington, D.C The World Bank is a vital source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries around the world. Its mission is to fight poverty with passion and professionalism for lasting results and to help people help themselves and their environment by providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity and forging partnerships in the public and private sectors. The president, currently David R.Malpass

31. It provides low-interest loans, interest-free credits and grants to developing countries for various purposes that include investments in education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture, environmental and natural resource management.

32. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger: Achieve Universal Primary Education: Promote Gender Equality Reduce Child Mortality Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and Other Diseases Ensure Environmental Sustainability Develop a Global Partnership for Development

33. UNFPA, the United Nations Population Fund, is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every birth is safe, and every young person's potential is fulfilled. UNFPA expands the possibilities for women and young people to lead healthy and productive lives. Since UNFPA started working in 1969, the number – and rate – of women dying from complications of pregnancy or childbirth has been halved. Families are smaller and healthier. Young people are more connected and empowered than ever before.

34. UNFPA supports healthy families by: Training health workers to deliver quality family planning services Supplying contraceptives in emergency situations Ensuring youth-friendly reproductive health care Providing counselling and choices to women who want to avoid or delay pregnancy Educating men on the benefits of birth spacing

35. UNFPA supports maternal health by: Training midwives and health workers Preventing and treating obstetric fistula Supplying clean birthing kits following disasters Strengthening emergency obstetric care Ensuring reliable supplies of essential medicines and equipment Enabling birth spacing

36. UNFPA advocates for the welfare of young people by: Promoting the human rights of adolescents Preventing HIV infection Engaging young people in decisions that affect them Supporting age-appropriate comprehensive sexuality education Creating safe spaces for adolescent girls Encouraging abandonment of harmful practices Encouraging leadership

37. Danish International Development Agency ( DANIDA ), is the brand which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark , uses when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to other countries, with focus on developing countries . There is no distinct Danida organisation within the Ministry.

38. Denmark has been granting development assistance since the end of the Second World War. It is one of the five countries in the world that meets the United Nation 's target of granting 0.7% of gross national income (GNI) in development assistance. In 2011 Denmark disbursed roughly DKK:15.753 billion (US$2.98 billion) in development assistance to countries in Africa , Asia , Latin America , the Middle East , and Denmark's European Union neighbours. In 2009, DANIDA worked in close association with the Indian Government's Padmasree award winner, K.Viswanathan , and the prestigious institution Mitraniketan . Furthermore , DANIDA works in collaboration with many Danish NGOs such as Global Medical Aid

39. The aim of Denmark’s development cooperation is to reduce poverty through the promotion of human rights and economic growth. It is focused on some of the poorest countries in the world. Four main priority areas: Human rights and democracy Green growth Social progress Stability and protection

40. The European Commission is the EU's executive body and represents the interests of Europe as a whole (as opposed to the interests of individual countries). The European Commission ( EC ) is the executive body of the European Union responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and day-to-day running of the EU

41. The Commission's main roles are to: set objectives and priorities for action propose legislation to Parliament and Council manage and implement EU policies and the budget enforce European Law (jointly with the Court of Justice) represent the EU outside Europe (negotiating trade agreements between the EU and other countries, etc.). Regular and emergency meetings

42. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN). Its purpose is to contribute to peace and security by promoting international collaboration through education, science, and culture in order to further universal respect for justice, the rule of law , and human rights along with fundamental freedom proclaimed in the United Nations Charter . It is the heir of the League of Nations ' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation . UNESCO has 195 member states [ and nine associate members. UNESCO pursues its objectives through five major programs: education, natural sciences , social and human sciences , culture, and communication and information.

43. INTERNATIONAL DAYS OBSERVED AT UNESCO: 27 January: International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust 13 February: World Radio Day 21 February: International Mother Language Day 8 March: International Women's Day 21 March: International Day of Nowruz 21 March: World Poetry Day 21 March: International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination 22 March: World Day for Water 20 March: International Francophonie Day 23 April: World Book and Copyright Day 30 April : International Jazz Day 3 May: World Press Freedom Day 21 May: World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development 22 May: International Day for Biological Diversity 25 May: Africa Day / Africa Week 5 June: World Environment Day 8 June: World Oceans Day 9 August: International Day of the World's Indigenous People 12 August: International Youth Day

44. 23 August: International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition 8 September: International Literacy Day 15 September : International Day of Democracy 21 September: International Day of Peace 5 October : World Teachers' Day Second Wednesday in October: International Day for Disaster Reduction 17 October: International Day for the Eradication of Poverty 20 October: World Statistics Day 27 October: World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 10 November: World Science Day for Peace and Development Third Thursday in November: World Philosophy Day 16 November: International Day for Tolerance 19 November: International Men's Day 25 November: International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women 29 November: International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People 1 December: World AIDS Day 10 December: Human Rights Day 18 December: International Migrants Day

45. The Colombo Plan is a regional organization that embodies the concept of collective inter- governmental effort to strengthen economic and social development of member countries in the Asia-Pacific region. The primary focus of all Colombo Plan activities is on human resources development. Purpose: The Colombo Plan is not intended as an integrated master plan to which national plans were expected to conform. It is, instead, a framework for bi-lateral arrangements involving foreign aid and technical assistance for the economic and social development of the region.

46. Objectives: To promote interest in and support for the economic and social development of Asia and the Pacific; To promote technical cooperation and assist in the sharing and transfer of technology among member countries; To keep under review relevant information on technical cooperation between the member governments, multilateral and other agencies with a view to accelerating development through cooperative effort; To facilitate the transfer and sharing of the developmental experiences among member countries within the region with emphasis on the concept of South-South cooperation .

47. Present members: The Colombo Plan currently has 27 members, including countries in the Asia- Pacific region, non-Commonwealth countries and countries belonging to regional groupings such as ASEAN (Association of South-East Asian Nations) and SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)

48. National Agencies/ Voluntary Health care Agencies Indian Red Cross Indian Council for Child Welfare Family Planning Association of India Tuberculosis of India Hindu Kusht Nivaran Sangh Central Social Welfare Board All India Women’s Conference Blind Association of India etc.

49. Indian Red Cross Society It was established in 1920 It has 400 branches in india Executing programmes are, promotion of health,prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering among the people.

50. It was established in 1920 It has 400 branches in india Executing programmes are, promotion of health,prevention of disease and mitigation of suffering among the people.

51. Relief work Milk and Medical supplies Armed forces Maternal and child welfare services Family Planning Blood Bank and First Aid

52. It was established in 1952 It is affiliated with the Internaional union for Child Welfare The services of I.C.C.W. are devoted to secure for India’s children those “OPPORTUNITIES AND FACILITIES,BY LAW AND OTHER MEANS” which are necessary to enable them to develop physically,mentally,morally,spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.

53. It was formed in 1939. It has branches in all the states in India ACTIVITIES ARE; Organising a T.B. seal campaign every year to raise funds,training of doctors,health visitors and social workers in anti T.B work,promotion of health education,promotion of consultations and conferences.

54. The New Delhi Tuberculosis Centre,the lady Linlithgow Sanatorium at Kasauli The King Edward VII sanatorium at Dharampur Tuberculosis Hospital at Mehrauli

55. It was founded in 1950 Headquarters in New Delhi Its precursor was the Indian Council of the British Empire Leprosy Relief Association which was dissolved in 1950

56. Rendering of financial assistance to various leprosy homes and clinics,health education thro’ publications and posters,training of medical workers and physiotherapists,conducting research and field investigations Organising All-India Leprosy Workers Conference and Publication of “LEPROSY IN INDIA”, a quarterly journal.

57. It is a non-political and non-official organization was formed in 1952. PRIMARY AIMS ARE; Help people to achieve health by their own actions and efforts Improvement of sanitation in villages is one of the important activities of the B.S.S.

58. It is an autonomous organisation under the general administrative control of the Ministry of Education. It was set up by the GOI in august 1953. FUNCTIONS ARE; Surveying the needs and requirements of voluntary welfare organizations in the country Promoting and setting up of social welfare organizations on a voluntary basis Rendering of financial aid to deserving existing organizations and institutions.

59. Teaching of craft,social education,literacy classes,maternity aid for women,distribution of milk,balwadis, and organisation of play centres for children. It also started a scheme of Industrial cooperatives to help the lower-middle class women I urban areas supplement their income by doing paid work.

60. It was created in commemoration of kasturba gandhi,after her death in 1944. The fund was raised with the main object of Improving the lot of women,especially in the villages,through gram-sevikas.

61. It was formed in 1949,HQ in mumbai. Propagating the family planning in india These branches are running Fpclinics . It has trained several hundred doctors,health visitors and social workers.

62. It is the only women’s voluntary welfare organisation in the country. Established in 1926. Most of the branches are running M.C.H.clinics,medical centres,and adult education centres,milk centres and family planning clinics

63. Established in 1946. It organise eye relief camps and other measures for the relief of the blind

64. The Indian Medical Association, All India Licentiates Association, All India Dental Association,TNA of India are all voluntary agencies of men and women who are qualified in their respective specialities and possess registerable qualifications.

65. It has conduct annual conferences,publish journals,arrange scientific sessions and exhibitions,foster research,set up standards of professional education and organise relief camps during periods of natural calamities.

66. ROLE OF A NURSE IN HEALTH CARE SERVICES The contemporary nurse functions in the inter related role as follows CARE GIVER • As a care giver, the nurse helps client to regain health through healing process. • Nurse addresses the holistic health care needs of the client.   • She helps the client & families to set goals & meets those goals. • She preserves the dignity of the client. • She accepts a client as a person , not merely as mechanical beings. ETHICAL DECISION MAKER  • The nurse uses critical thinking skills throughout the nursing process to provide effective care. • Nurse makes decision in collaboration with the client & the family. • She also collaborates & consults with other health professionals. CLINICAL ADVOCATE PROTECTOR & ADVOCATE • A nurse provides a safe conducive environment to the client. • She takes steps to prevent injury to the clients.

67. CASE MANAGER • She protects the client from every possible adverse effects of treatment. • She asks about any allergy to medicine or food. • She provides immunization against disease. • She protects client’s human & legal rights & provides assistance in asserting those rights if the need arises. • She advocated the client by keeping in mind the client’s religion & culture . • Nurse defends the clients right in general way by speaking out against policies that might endanger their well being. MANAGER • As a manager, nurse coordinates the activities of other health team members. • She manages the nursing care of not only one client but also of families & in communities. • She delegates the nursing activities to auxiliary workers & other nurses.

68. REHABILITATOR • Rehabilitation is a process by which individuals return to maximal levels of functioning after illness, accidents or other health events. • Nurse helps the clients to adapt as fully possible who experiences physical or emotional impairment that change their lives. COMFORTOR • The role of a comforter is a traditional & historical one in nursing & has continued to be important as a nurses have assumed new roles . • As a comforter, nurse provides comforts to the client by considering him as an individual with unique feelings & needs. • She motivates clients to reach therapeutic goals . • She promotes comfort to the client by staying near the patient COMMUNICATOR • Nursing involves communication with clients & families, other nurses, health care team members, resource persons & the community • As a communicator, nurse provides information to other team members about the palled & unplanned nursing care. • She conveys information verbally at change of shift. • She reports while shifting the client from one unit to the other.

69. TEACHER • Teaching refers to the activities by which the teacher helps the learner to learn a teacher. • She determines that the client has fully understood. • She also evaluates client’s progress in learning. • She incorporates other resources such as family ,in teaching plans. • Nurse gives health education on diet, about preventive measures of disease . LEADER • As a leader, she influences the client to make decisions regarding health . • Nursing leadership is defined as a mutual process of interpersonal influence through which nurse helps client in making decisions for establishing & achieving the goals to improve the clients well being.

70. COUNSELLOR • Nurse helps the client to recognize & cope with stressful, psychological or social problems. • She assists the clients for developing good inter personal relationship . • Nurse counsels primary healthy individuals with normal adjustment difficulties. Nurse helps the person to develop new attitudes, feeling & behavoirs . RESEARCHER • Nurse investigates problems in order to improve nursing care & expand the scope of nursing practice. • She does many qualitative & quantitative researches . • Based upon these findings, they practice nursing care in hospital as well as in the community setting.

71. Thank You