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1. STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE SCHEME (SIWES) UNDERTAKEN AT PRIMARY HEALTH CARE, OKENE, KOGI STATE   BY ABDULSALAM OSHEIZAH UMMUSALMAH 22L1BL0530 DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY FACULTY OF SCIENCE CONFLUENCE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, OSARA

2. OUTLINE Brief History of the industrial base section Project carried out HIV Test Acid-Fast Bacilli (AFB) Conclusion 2

3. BRIEF HISTORY OF INDUSTRIAL BASED SECTION Primary Health Care centre (PHC) I Nigeria has evolved through several stages, including the introduction of the Basic Health Service Scheme (BHSS) in 1975, and the establishment of the National Primary Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA) in 1992. The principles of PHC were first outlined I the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978. In 2018, global leaders ratified the declaration of Astana at the Global Conference on Primary Health Care. 3

4. PROJECT CARRIED OUT 1. HIV Test HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells (also known as T-helper cells), which are responsible for fighting infections and diseases in the body. When left untreated, HIV can weaken the immune system to the point where the body is unable to fight off infections and cancers. This can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the body is vulnerable to life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers. 4

5. Specimen (blood) Vacuum container and needle Test strip Pipette Buffer Cotton wool Methylated spirit Hand gloves and lab coat EQUIPMENT NEEDED FOR HIV TEST 5

6. The testing device is a small plastic strip with two windows. A blood sample is collected from the patient using a lancet and transferred to a sample pad. A buffer solution is added to the sample pad, which allows the blood to flow through the strip. The test strip has pre-coated antibodies that will react with HIV antibodies if they are present in the blood sample. The strip is read after 15 minutes. If a red line appears in both windows, it indicates a positive result for HIV. METHODOLOGY 6

7. POSITIVE POSITIVE POSITIVE POSITIVE 7

8. BLOOD GROUPING Blood grouping, also known as blood typing, is a classification of blood based on the presence of absence of specific antigens and antibodies in the blood. The most well known blood grouping system is the ABO system, which categorizes blood into four main groups: A, B, AB and O. Another important blood grouping system is the Rh (D) system, which determines whether a person is Rh positive or Rh negative. This blood grouping are crucial for blood transfusions to ensure compatibility between donor and recipient blood. 8

9. METHODOLOGY After a patient thumb has being cleaned with sterile swap and allow to dry, a puncture is made with the lancet and the first drop of the blood is cleaned off. And then pressed to get another drop of blood which is drooped at three divisions on a tile. Add one volume of the respective anti-sera A B and O to the blood samples. Using applicators mix the anti-sera with the blood respectively Rock for 2-3 minutes and then record your result 9

10. BLOOD GROUPING RESULT INTERPRETATION 10

11. CONCLUSION SIWES experience is interesting therefore; every student should participate in it with all enthusiasm as it has offered the essentiality of job speculations between the federal government, state government and local governments and various employers of job and prospective graduates in the nation. 11

12. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!!