Health care service

Nursing Foundation

1. HEALTH CARE SERVICE Mr. Melvin Jacob MSc Nursing 1 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

2. INTRODUCTION Healthcare is a big, complex industry with a simple definition: people in this field work to help people get healthy…and stay that way . There are the doctors, nurses, and assistants who work with patients to diagnose and treat health issues, and often provide preventative care to help patients maintain good health. 2 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

3. DEFINITION The act of taking preventative or necessary medical procedures to improve a person's well-being. This may be done with surgery, the administering of medicine, or other alterations in a person's lifestyle. These services are typically offered through a health care system made up of hospitals and physicians . 3 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

4. HEALTH PROMOTION AND PRIMARY HEALTH CARE 4 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

5. HEALTH PROMOTION At the beginning of the 20th century, a new concept, the concept of health promotion began to take shape . It is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve health. 5 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

6. DEFINITION Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve health .” It is not directed against any particular disease , but is intended to strengthen the host through a variety of approaches (interventions). 6 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

7. GOALS OF HEALTH PROMOTION To create environments that allow all the ability to access all needed services. To equip with the skills to determine their own health needs. 7 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

8. INTERVENTION AREA IN HEALTH PROMOTION HEALTH EDUCATION ENVIORNMENTAL MODIFICATION LIFESTYLE & BEHAVIORAL CHANGES NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS 8 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

9. 1. HEALTH EDUCATION This is one of the most cost-effective interventions A large number of diseases could be prevented with little or no medical intervention The targets of educational efforts may include the general public, patients, priority groups, health providers, community leaders and decision-makers. 9 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

10. 2. ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION M a ny infectious diseases have been successfully controlled by environmental modifications provision of safe water; installation of sanitary latrines; control of insects and rodents; improvement of housing 10 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

11. 3. NUTRITIONAL INTERVENTIONS These comprise food distribution and nutritional improvement of vulnerable groups: child feeding programmes, food fortification; nutritional education, etc 11 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

12. 4. L I F E S T Y L E A N D B E H A V IOURA L CHANGES The action of prevention in this case, is one of individual and community responsibility for health. The efforts are directed towards discouraging from adopting harmful lifestyles 12 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

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14. INTRODUCTION With increasing recognition of the failure of existing health services to provide health care, alternative ideas and methods to provide health care have been considered and tried. The concept of primary health care came into limelight in 1978 following an international conference in Alma-Ata, USSR 14 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

15. DEFINITION Primary health care is the essential health care made universally accessible to individuals and acceptable to them, through their full participation and at a cost the community and the country can afford. 15 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

16. PURPOSE Increase in life expectation. Improvement in nutritional status. Provision of basic sanitation. Development of manpower and other resources 16 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

17. Elements of primary health care The Alma-Ata conference outlined 8 essential components of primary health care. Education concerning prevailing health problems and the methods of preventing and controlling them. Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition An adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation . 17 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

18. 4. Maternal and child health care, including family planning. 5. Immunization against major infectious diseases. 6. Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases. 7. Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries. 8. Provision of essential drugs 18 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

19. PRINCIPLES OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE PRINCIPLES EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION INTER SECTORAL COORDINATION APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY 19 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

20. 1. Equitable distribution The first key principle in the primary health care strategy is equity or equitable distribution of health services. Must be shared equally by all irrespective of their ability to pay Concentrated in the major towns and cities resulting in inequality cont … 20 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

21. Failure to reach the majority Primary health care aims to redress this imbalance & bring these services as near people’s homes as possible. 21 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

22. 2. Community participation The overall responsibility of the central and state governments, individuals, families, and communities Universal coverage cannot be achieved without the involvement of the local community Continuous effort to secure meaningful involvement of the community in the planning, implementation and maintenance of health services 22 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

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24. 3. Inter sectoral coordination 24 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

25. There is an increasing realization of the fact that the components of primary health care cannot be provided by the health sector alone Agriculture, animal husbandry, food, industry, education, housing, public works communication and other sectors This requires strong political will to translate values into action 25 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

26. 4. Appropriate technology Appropriate technology has been defined as “technology that is scientifically sound, adaptable to local needs, and acceptable to those who apply it and for those for whom it is used, and that can be maintained by the people themselves in keeping with the principle of self reliance with the resources the community and the country can afford” 26 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

27. ROLE OF NURSES IN PRIMARY HEALTH CARE Assessing the health status of individuals and communities. Health Education Food Supply And Proper Nutrition Water supply and basic sanitation. Maternal and Child Health Care including Family Planning. 27 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

28. Immunization Treatments of Minor ailments. Mobilizing community involvement. Providing integrated health care including the treatment of emergencies and making referrals 28 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

29. DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT The word diagnosis comes directly from the Greek, but the meaning has been changed. Diagnosis -- "discrimination, a distinguishing, or a discerning between two possibilities."  29 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

30. Importance of diagnosis To know the outcome (prognosis) of the disease Management of the case To know whether the disease is curable  To decide the line of treatment To prescribe medicine To select the potency medicine  To evaluate new symptoms To prevent spread of infection 30 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

31. Early diagnosis and treatment Early diagnosis aims at reducing the proportion of patients who are diagnosed at late stage. There are three steps to early diagnosis. Barriers exist during each of these three steps, and interventions are needed to address delays in care. 31 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

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33. REHABILITATION & CONTINUING CARE Rehabilitation is the processes intended to enable people with disabilities to reach and maintain optimal physical, sensory, intellectual, psychological and/or social function. Medical care, physical, psychological, speech, and occupational therapy and support services. 33 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

34. Injuries and trauma- Burns, fractures, brain injury, spinal cord injuries, Stroke Major surgery, Severe infections Side effects from medical treatments, such as from cancer treatments Certain birth defects and genetic disorders Developmental disabilities Chronic pain- back and neck pain 34 11-11-2020 Mr. Melvin Jacob Msc (N)

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