Health- Definition,Concepts & Models by Swetha T.pptx

This Ppt covers concept such as Definition of Health, models, indicators etc

1. Swetha T Asst. Prof HEALTH – Concept, Model, Indicators

2. Concept of health A dynamic state or condition which is multi dimensional in nature The various changing concepts of health are as follows; Biomedical concept Ecological concept Psycho social concept Holistic concept

3. Biomedical concept This concept considers health as the absence of diseases. If someone was free from physical ailments he/she was seen as healthy Based on germ theory of disease. Human body is viewed as a machine

4. Ecological concept This concept viewed health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment. Ecologists put forward this concept

5. Psycho social model Advances in social sciences showed that health is not only a biomedical phenomenon, but one which is influenced by social, psychological, cultural and political factors. Health is a social and biological phenomenon

6. Holistic model Synthesis of all above models Health implies a sound mind and a sound body It has been variously described as multi dimensional process involving the wellbeing of the person as a whole Ilness is seen as an imbalance of energy spheres of our emotional, rational, spiritual, physical and social selves. Emphasis – promotion & protection of health

7. DEFNITION “ a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merly the absense of disease and infirmity” – W.H.O (1947) “health is not only to be well, but to be able to use well every power we have”. - Florence Nightingale

8. HEALTH ENVIRONMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL INTELLECTUAL SPIRITUAL PHYSICAL EMOTIONAL SOCIAL

9. Indicators of health Mortality indicators Morbidity indicators Disability rates Nutritional status Health care delivery indicators Utilization rates

10. Mortality indicators Crude death rate : number of deaths per 1000 population Expectation of life : refers to the number of years a person is expected to live based on the statistical average. (statistical measure) Infant mortality rate : number of death of infants under the age of 1 year, in a given year per 1000 live births

11. Morbidity indicators This indicators are used to supplement mortality data to describe the health status of a population Incidence of prevalence Notification rates Attendance rates at out patient departments at health centers Admission, re admission and discharge rates Duration of stay in hospital

12. DISABILITY RATES Disability is defines as “ any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range considered normal for a human being” types Event type indicators Number of days of restricted activity Bed disability days Work loss days Person type indicators -Limitation of mobility (confined to bed , confined to home) - Limitation of activity (limitation to perform the daily activities of daily living)

13. Nutritional status Important indicators of health status Positive health indicators Nutritional status is the current body status, of a person or a population group, related to their state of nourishment (the consumption and utilization of nutrients)

14. Health care delivery indicators Doctor – population ratio Doctor -nurse ratio Population- bed ratio Population per health

15. Utilization rates It is affected by factors and such availability of health services and awareness of an individual towards his health and care system

16. Disease Abnormal condition that affects the structure or function of an organism Defnition : “disease is a condition in which body health is impaired, a departure from state of health, an alteration of human body function and interrupting the performance of vital functio ” – Webster

17. Types diseases communicable Non communicable

18. Communicable diseases Diseases that can spread from one person to another They can be spread either from person to person through bodily fluids Caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi. Airborne diseases – tuberculosis and measels Example : HIV Malaria Dengue Hepatitus B Chickenpox rabies

19. Non communicable diseases Diseases that are not transmissible directly from one person to another Non infectious health condition lasting for a longer time period Exaples Parkinson’s disease Cancer Diabetes Kidney diseases Autoimmune diseases

20. BASIC CONCEPTS Illness – a broad term that defines the poor state of mind, body and to a certain extent, spirit Disease - Abnormal condition that affects the structure or function of an organism Disorder- a disruption to regular bodily or mental structure and function Syndrome – a combination of symptoms and signs that together are charaterstics of a specific disorder or disease. Impairment – any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function. Disability – any restriction or lack of ability to perform an activity in the manner or within the rage considered normal for a human being. handicap – the result when an individual with an impairment cannot fufill a normal role

21. Reproductive health Reproductive health is a concept raised by international community , which is defined as follows; during the whole reproduction process, people should realise sound physical, mental health and social adaptability rather than merely having no disease or discomfort. It includes six areas Satisfactory and safe sex Healthy fertility Successful and planned child bearing Having access to safe affordable contraceptive measures Having access to reproductive health services Safe pregnancy and birth

22. defnition A state of physical, mental and social well being in all matters relating to the reproductive system at all stages of life

23. fertility fertility is the quality of a human's ability to produce offspring, which is dependent on age, health, and other factors The ability to conceive and bear children, the ability to become pregnant through normal sexual activity.

24. Contraception Contraception (birth control) prevents pregnancy by interfering with the normal process of ovulation, fertilization, and implantation. There are different kinds of birth control that act at different points in the process. Types Hormonal methods – methods to prevent ovulation Barrier methods – preventing the sperm from getting into and fertilizing with the egg Spermicides – these medications kills the sperm on contact Intrauterine devices (IUDs): These devices are inserted into the uterus, where they stay from one to ten years. An IUD prevents the fertilized egg from implanting in the lining of the uterus and may have other effects as well. Tube litigation – permanent contraception for women where each tube is either tied or burnt close

25. Vasectomy – male sterilization , the tiny tubes that carry the sperm into the semen, are cut and tied off

26. Sex education Sex education is a broad term used to describe education about human sexual anatomy, sexual reproduction, sexual intercourse, and other aspects of human sexual behavior . Sex education is the provision of information about bodily development, sex, sexuality, and relationships, along with skills-building to help young people communicate about and make informed decisions regarding sex and their sexual health. It should include information about puberty and reproduction, abstinence, contraception and condoms, relationships, sexual violence prevention, body image, gender identity and sexual orientation

27. Need for sex education To help children acquire knowledge about bodily structures Children learn how to speak up against sexual harassment To know the risks involved in having sex. To know about sexually transmitted diseases and contraception and pregnancy To learn about sexual orientation. Impart information and skills young minds needs to take healthy decisions