Health Education Program Planning and Implementation Strategies.pptx

The World Health Organization defines Health Education as “Any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes.”

Knowledge alone may not be powerful enough to motivate change, health education works to enhance knowledge, attitudes, and skills to positively influence health behaviors of individuals and communities.
A program is created when an organization identifies a need and creates a plan for addressing that need.
Planning is designing a course of action to achieve desired goals.
Program planning is the process by which a program is conceived and brought to fruition.
There are different steps in health education program planning.

1. Health Education Program Planning & Strategies for implementation Presenters: Sunita Poudel, Sagar Parajuli

2. Health Education The World Health Organization defines Health Education as “ Any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes .” Knowledge alone may not be powerful enough to motivate change, health education works to enhance knowledge, attitudes, and skills to positively influence health behaviors of individuals and communities. 1/8/2024 2

3. Program Planning A program is created when an organization identifies a need and creates a plan for addressing that need. Planning is designing a course of action to achieve desired goals. Program planning is the process by which a program is conceived and brought to fruition. 1/8/2024 3

4. Steps in health education program planning 1/8/2024 4

5. Step 1. Collection of baseline information (Data) Community based information is very important for planning of appropriate and effective health education program. It is also termed as community diagnosis . “ A comprehensive assessment of the present state of particular community in relation to its socio-economic, physical, environment and biological conditions with the purpose of determining its problems and setting priorities for planning the programme .” 1/8/2024 5

6. The data or information includes: Social information: location (place), geographical and climate factors, name, age, sex, cast, religion, occupation as well as economic status of the family. Vital statistics: birth, death, mother and infant mortality rates. Status of health, knowledge, attitude and behavior of people. Sanitary condition and facilities: drinking water, toilet condition, garbage, disposal, housing condition, environmental condition etc. 1/8/2024 6 Step 1. Collection of baseline information (Data)

7. Nutritional status: food habit, use of diet, nutritional deficiency disease etc. Literacy and educational level. Demographic condition: Total population density, population growth, household size, different ethnic group. Local leader or opinion leader. Available Health facilities: Hospital, PHCC, Healthpost and other health agencies. Transportation and communication status and channel of communication. 1/8/2024 7 Step 1. Collection of baseline information (Data)

8. Step 1. Collection of baseline information (Data) Information can be collected by observation, community survey, questionnaire and interview techniques. Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) can also be used. 1/8/2024 8

9. Step 2: Identification of main health needs/ Priorities of health needs We can identify different health and health education needs of the people by analyzing the collected data but can not solve all those problem at a time. So, we must prioritize them and deal with the most important one which is feasible to solve the problem in terms of time and resources. 1/8/2024 9

10. The criteria of need prioritization are: Burning problems or severity of morbidity and mortality. Identify the types of needs (felt, observed and real needs) Feasible to meet the needs in terms of available resources (Man, money and materials) Political and community interest and pressures. Governmental policies plan and program. Can be solved within short time. Can be prevented and solve. 1/8/2024 10 Step 2: Identification of main health needs/ Priorities of health needs

11. To make the health education programs economical, feasible, effective and fruitful, it is suggested that the health educator decides the actual core group as his target group instead of dealing all the people in the community. It is better to deal with only the concerned, receptive and influential people. Examples: If the malnutrition is prevalence among the child the target group is mother and child. In relation to construct the toilet or pit latrines the target group may be the parents or guardian of families as well as community leaders. 1/8/2024 11 Step 3: Selection of target group

12. Selecting the target group the health educator should keep in mind the following criteria . Need of education because of the existing health problem. Able to change the behavior and influence for the change of other's behavior. Introduction of new ideas affecting their health behavior 1/8/2024 12 Step 3: Selection of target group

13. Step 4: Determination of objectives (Goals) Objectives and goals are needed to guide efforts. Unless objectives are established there is likely to be haphazard activity, uneconomical use of funds and poor performance. Objective are not only a guide to action, but also a yardstick to measure work after it is done. A goal is expressed in a general or broad term which denotes the overall fulfillment of program. 1/8/2024 13

14. Principally there are three types of objectives . General objectives Specific objectives Behavioral objectives According to WHO a goal is described in terms of: What is to be attained and to what extent? The geographical areas or population involved The time period required for attaining the goal 1/8/2024 14 Step 4: Determination of objectives (Goals)

15. Example: To provide health education to the families of Ichhakamana Rural Municipality on the need and importance of safe disposal of human excreta and motivate them for the construction of a family pit latrine in their houses within a year of time. 1/8/2024 15 Step 4: Determination of objectives (Goals)

16. Objectives are developed to fulfill the goal of the program. They are stated in specific behavioral terms as demonstrated by learners' action. Behavioral objectives must be observable or measurable and stated at three different levels: Knowledge (cognitive) Attitudinal (effective) and Behavior or practice (psycho motor) level 1/8/2024 16 Step 4: Determination of objectives (Goals)

17. Step 5 : Deciding the content /subject matter The content of health education to be taught will be based on the objectives set. Example: The contents will be the need and importance of safe drinking water, safe disposal of human excreta, fecal oral transmission, prevalence of disease, techniques of constructing a pit latrine, proper location for constructing a pit latrine and proper use of latrine as well as nutritional problems etc. 1/8/2024 17

18. Step 6: Selecting/ Deciding appropriate method and media The methods and media depend upon the subject matter or content and nature of objectives and groups. The method and media chosen must suit the situation and problem . It must therefore be selected carefully. Examples If we want to inform the community, the lecture methods will be appropriate. For teaching preparation of Jiban Jal , we can use demonstration method. 1/8/2024 18

19. In the same way the methods and media can be selected according to the needs of the contents and subject matter. The appropriate methods are counseling, group discussion, role playing, demonstration and lecture. The important media are posters, flip chart, flash cards, flannel board models, ovetel projector, slide projectors, film shows.dc . 1/8/2024 19 Step 6: Selecting/ Deciding appropriate method and media

20. Step 7: Identifying the available resources Health education need different kinds of resources (external and internal) in the process of giving health education Utilization of those resources will help to conduct health education program economically, appropriately and effectively Use of appropriate technology is of great to result in effective learning and sustained behaviour 1/8/2024 20

21. Step 8: Developing a plan of action This is the step of developing an operational plan which is demonstrated by implementation schedule on a periodic basis like weekly or monthly. The plan must contain working guidance to all those responsible for execution. 1/8/2024 21

22. It specifies the following aspects which can be developed in a tabular form: Specific objective to be dealt with Contents to be taught Target group Methods and media used Kinds of human resources involved Date and time of teaching Location where health education is given such as health post, home, clinic, school etc. 1/8/2024 22 Step 8: Developing a plan of action

23. S.N Content Specific objectives Message t o convey Target group Methods and media By whom Evaluation technique Time/place Remarks 1/8/2024 23 Step 8: Developing a plan of action

24. Table 1: Timetable for the provision of community water supply 1/8/2024 24 Task Completed By People responsible Public information activities began using local media & home visit 1 st week Community leaders, health workers and school teachers Community leaders discussion on problem of water-borne diseases 2 nd week Community health workers Leader trained on cause and prevention 3 rd week Community health workers All sick people report for treatment 4 th week Leaders, community health workers, local people People boil and filter their water 5 th week Leader and local people Step 8: Developing a plan of action

25. Step 9: Deciding evaluation techniques Evaluation is final step of planning cycle and it should be both concurrent and terminal. The purpose of evaluation is to differentiate the most valuable from less valuable. Mainly the time and technique of evaluation should specifically be mentioned. Evaluation should be done at three different stages of program. Evaluation of planning process is done in the beginning, progress evaluation is done in the middle of the program implementation and achievement evaluation is done at the end of the program 1/8/2024 25

26. 1/8/2024 26 Strategies for implementation of Health Education plans and their use

27. Implementation strategies Implementation means assignment and direction of personnel and resources to carry out plan. It involves a network of various activities which need special techniques to be applied. Those techniques are known as strategies of implementation. The study of strategies and their application is necessary to make the implementation of health education program appropriate, effective and successful. ‘Implementation does not occur in vacuum. It starts with community people and always approach through community leaders.’ 1/8/2024 27

28. Strategies of implementing Health Education Program Building commitment Training Human resources Mobilizing and utilizing resources Organizing community Monitoring and supervision of the program Recording and reporting 1/8/2024 28

29. Strategy 1: Building Commitment Commitment refers to ‘ feeling of needs and responsibility with willingness to co-operate ’ . The first step in ensuring commitment: communication and creating interest among all stakeholder in the community. Techniques: Problem-focused interpersonal communication, Discussion, sharing and dissemination 1/8/2024 29

30. Strategy 2: Training of Human Resources Human Resources need to be well equipped in knowledge and skills with sound understanding of social context . Trainers should be appropriately and adequately trained. Should have adequate knowledge and skills and must be experienced to apply participatory approach in teaching learning process. Simulation based training and refresher training need to ensured. 1/8/2024 30

31. Strategy 2: Training of Human Resources 1/8/2024 31 Training cycle Training Need assessment Developing training package, based on target audience Managing logistics Conducting training Evaluation & follow-up

32. Strategy 3: Mobilizing and utilizing Resources Resources identification: Human resource, financial, logistics, information Participatory resource mapping is crucial for Health Education planning. Proper allocation, timely release and optimum utilization of program budget and resources Proposing, receiving, purchasing, storing and distributing necessary materials before an implementation ‘No commodities, No program’ 1/8/2024 32

33. Pilot testing Allows planners to work out any bugs before the program is offered to a large population Validate the work that has been done Planner should check Intervention activities as planned Adequate program logistics Critiques of program participants on content, approaches used, instructor’s effectiveness, space etc. 1/8/2024 33

34. Phasing in Allows planner to have more control over the program Helps protect planners and facilitators from getting in over their heads 1/8/2024 34 Starting up At the start of implementation it is good to get the press to promote the program This may be media, celebrities or whatever puts the program in a positive light.

35. Regular Review/ sharing Keep everyone informed of progress 1/8/2024 35 Meeting and Participation Regular staff meeting Seek staffs commitment and participation in action plan

36. Strategy 4: Organizing community According to Alexander H. Leighton “ no matter how good a plan is, if the people for whom it is made and fail to feel it belongs to them, it will not work successfully .” Health cannot be given to the people, it must be acquired by themselves through their participation. 1/8/2024 36

37. Steps of organizing community are: Meeting community key people and exchange ideas and views. Coordination with local agencies including school Forming health education committee by involving local influential and interested people. Barriers to community organization: complacency, lack of concern or interest, social taboos, social stratification 1/8/2024 37 Strategy 4: Organizing community

38. Strategy 5: Supervision and Monitoring Supervision is done for individual and monitoring is for program/activity. Supervision includes directing, training, counseling, motivating and encouraging Supportive supervision; mentoring, constructive feedback, joint problem solving, onsite capacity building and support, regular inspection and correction 1/8/2024 38

39. Strategy 5: Supervision and Monitoring Monitoring: process of reviewing progress of program implementation at different time intervals Monitoring mainly based on IPO model or Logical Framework Techniques: Observation, Interview, Discussion Tools: Guideline/ Checklist 1/8/2024 39

40. Strategy 6: Recording and Reporting Scientific process of documentation of information regarding program activities including progress, problems, achievements ‘If it is not well documented, it does not exist’ Recording tool: Systematic registers, forms, online tool Regular, timely and complete reporting is essential in every program implementation and reporting. ‘Recording and reporting supports half of planning for next phase’ 1/8/2024 40

41. Uses of Implementation Strategies Designing Health Promotion & Education programs Evidence-based Intervention Planning Community Diagnosis Health Policy and System Research, Formative, Action and Operational research Behavioral studies Community development and organization Supervision, Monitoring and Evaluation of programs Capacity building and training planning 1/8/2024 41

42. References A TEXT BOOK OF HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION - Send Gifts and Money to Nepal Online from www.muncha.com [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 4]. Available from: https://www.muncha.com/34077/I/A-TEXT-BOOK-OF-HEALTH-PROMOTION-AND-EDUCATION Park K. Park's textbook of PREVENTIVE AND SOCIAL MEDICINE. 23rd ed. Jabalpur: Bhanot . Publishers; 2015 1/8/2024 42

43. Thank You! 1/8/2024 43