Hearing impairment

it is detail about hearing impairment

1. Sana Hassan Janjua Sarah Majeed Zahra Jabeen Waheeda Bano

2. HEARING : Hearing refers to the reception of sound by the ear, its analysis, and its transmission to the brain.

3. IMPAIRMENT: An impairment is any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function.

4. TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT

5. TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT Conductive Sensorineural hearing loss Mixed hearing loss

6. CONDUCTIVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT: A conductive loss refers to a decrease in sound caused by a problem in the outer or middle ear.

7. Sensorineural Hearing Loss

8. SENSORINEURAL HEARING IMPAIRMENT: A sensorineural loss refers to a problem located in the inner ear or along the nerve pathway between the inner ear and the brain.

9. MIXED HEARING IMPAIRMENT: A mixed loss refers to a conductive loss and a sensorineural loss occurring at the same time.

10. AGE OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT: Pre lingual :is the loss of hearing before speech and language developed Post lingual: is loss of hearing after spontaneous speech and language has developed.

11. DEGREE AND TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT

12. HOW HEARING IMPAIRMENT OCCURS

13. Causes: Hearing impairment includes: a) A gradual buildup of earwax. b)Ear infection and abnormal bone growths or tumors. c)Ruptured eardrum. d)Damage to the inner ear.

14. SYMPTOMS Muffling of speech and other sounds. Difficulty understanding words, especially against background noise or in a crowd of people. Frequently asking others to speak more slowly, clearly and loudly. Needing to turn up the volume of the television or radio. Withdrawal from conversations. Avoidance of some social settings.

15. RISK FACTORS IN HEARING LOSS

16. RISK FACTORS: Aging . Heredity. Occupational noises. Some medications. Some illness,

17. PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS

18. Depression Anxiety An often false sense that others are angry with you. Shame, guilt and anger. Lack of concentration. Worry and frustration. Insecurity. Embarrassment Self-criticism and low self confidence Adjustment problems . PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS:

19. COPING AND SUPPORT: These tips can help you to communicate more easily despite your hearing loss. Position yourself to hear: Face the person with whom you're having a conversation. Turn off background noise: For example, noise from a television may interfere with conversation. Ask others to speak clearly: Most people will be helpful if they know you're having trouble hearing them.

20. Choose quiet settings : In public, such as in a restaurant or at a social gathering, choose a place to talk that's away from noisy areas . Consider using an assistive listening device: Hearing devices, such as TV-listening systems or telephone-amplifying devices, can help you hear better while decreasing other noises around you.

21. BENEFITS OF TREATMENT Greater self-confidence Closer relationships with loved ones Improved outlook on life

22. PREVENTION FOR HEARING IMPAIRMENT

23. Protect your ears in the workplace: Specially designed earmuffs that resemble earphones can protect your ears by bringing most loud sounds down to an acceptable level. Foam, pre-formed, or custom-molded earplugs made of plastic or rubber also can effectively protect your ears from damaging noise.

24. Have your hearing tested: . Consider regular hearing tests if you work in a noisy environment. Regular testing of your ears can provide early detection of hearing loss. Knowing you've lost some hearing means you're in a position to take steps to prevent further hearing loss.

25. Avoid recreational risks: Some activities, hunting and listening to extremely loud music for long periods of time, can damage your hearing . Wearing hearing protectors or taking breaks from the noise during loud recreational activities can protect your ears . Turning down the volume when listening to music can help you avoid damage to your hearing.

26. TEST AND DIAGNOSIS

27. GENERAL SCREENING TEST: Doctor may ask to cover one ear at a time to see how well hear words spoken at various volumes and you respond to other sounds.

28. TUNING FORK : Tuning forks are two-pronged, metal instruments that produce sounds when struck. A tuning fork evaluation may reveal whether hearing loss caused by damage to the vibrating part of middle ear, damage to sensors or nerve of inner ear or both.

29. AUDIOMETRY TEST Test conducted by an audiologist, you wear earphones and hear sounds directed to one ear at a time. The audiologist presents a range of sounds of various tones and asks you to indicate each time you hear the sound. The audiologist will also present various words to determine your hearing ability,

30. TREATMENTS: Treatment depends on the cause and severity of your hearing loss. Options include: Removing wax blockage. Hearing aids. Cochlear implants .

31. REMOVING WAX BLOCKAGE: Cleaning the outside of the ear by wiping with a cloth. Putting cerumenolytic solutions (solutions to dissolve wax) into the ear canal. Irrigating or syringing the ear. Removing the wax manually using special instruments.

32. HEARING AIDS: A hearing aid is a small electronic device that you wear in or behind your ear. It makes some sounds louder. A hearing aid can help people hear more in both quiet and noisy situations.

33. Hearing aid parts: Microphone: detects the sound. Amplifier: make the sound stronger. Battery: provides power to the electronic parts Volume control: increases or decreases the volume of the sound.

34. Technologies Closed captioned DVD’s and videos TCD Microphone system Sign language interpreter Partner with better hearing Audio- visual lab with headphones

35. ACCOMMODATION Qualified sign language interpreters for public programming, A staff person knowledgeable for sign language. Telephones Instant messaging Video calling

36. MANAGEMENT Clear signs Visual alert Equal accessibility to all programs and services. Paper and pencil Assistive listening devices Amplification system Headsets and neck loops Compatible hearing aids.

37. EDUCATIONAL OPTIONS Where should deaf students be taught? How should the deaf students be taught? What should the deaf students be taught ?

38. INSTITUTIONS Deewa in Islamabad. Hamza foundation for the deaf. Govt school for special children Ravi road Lahore. Govt school for hearing impairment Sahiwal .

39. How should the deaf students be taught?

40. CUED SPEECH

41. ASL

42. PSL

43. INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGIES Circular seating Desk arrange in rows Repeat the questions of students Teamwork for assignments Assist the students Transcripts of audio information Avoid interruption Visual information Be Flexible

44. What should deaf students be taught? General education subject content. (English , Math, Science, general knowledge etc) Special curriculum features for the deaf. (Rhythm, auditory training, speech & language)

45. Teaching strategies: Get the attention before signing. Keep your hand and face toward the deaf while speaking. Make sure your signs and finger spelling are clearly visible. Adjust your signs according to the level of the deaf. Use of flash cards Charts Dioramas & models

46. FLASH CARDS

47. MODELS

48. DIORAMAS