HEAT WAVE.pptx

Know about Heat wave from this ppt

1. HEAT WAVE

2. Objectives Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to know… • Risk mitigation for heat wave • Protection from heat wave • Heat wave do’s & don’ts • Tips for treatment of a person affected by sunstroke • Need for acclimatization for heat wave.

3. Introduction Heat wave occurs during the peak summer season when a system of high atmospheric pressure moves into an area and lasts for two or more days. In such a high-pressure system, air from upper levels of atmosphere is pulled toward the ground, where it becomes compressed and increases the temperature. Heatwaves can be dangerous, causing illnesses such as heat cramps and heat stroke which may even lead to death. The increase in air temperature also affects the oceans, weather patterns, snow, plants and animals.

4. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) has given the following criteria for Heat Waves : Heat Wave need not be considered till maximum temperature of a station reaches at least 40°C for Plains and 30°C for Hilly regions . When actual maximum temperature remains 45°C or more irrespective of normal maximum temperature, heat waves should be declared.

5. Heat Waves in India

6. Eastern, Central and Western parts of India (UP, Bihar, Odisha , Jharkhand Vidarbha reason of Maharashtra, MP and Rajasthan etc.) are more vulnerable from heat wave. In summer season temperature raises to more than 45 degree centigrade which adversely affects the population. Not only human but also animal and vegetation are badly affected due to the heat wave. Government also issues guidelines, advisory and precautionary measures time to time. The IMD also issues weather forecasting and advise to concern state/district to take precautionary measure according to condition.

7. Risk Mitigation The hazard of heat waves can be minimized by: Early warning system and inter-agency coordination –Temperature forecasts and heat alerts sent as bulk messages on mobile phones by the nodal agencies. Medical up-gradation and administrative measures –Heat treatment wings must be created in hospitals and an advisory on how to prevent exposure and other heatwave related injuries must be circulated in schools, offices and public at large. Public Awareness and community outreach – Raising public awareness messages on how to protect against extreme heat-wave situations must be done through electronic, print as well as social media, and IEC materials. Collaboration with NGOs and civil society organizations – Building temporary shelters, wherever necessary, improving water delivery systems in public areas and other innovative measures to reduce body temperature must be implemented. Assessing the impact –Feedback for reviewing and updating the plan for Heat Wave disaster risk reduction must be made a regular feature in Government actions as this can help in preparing early prevention plans in accordance with the developing situation .

8. Health Impact of Heat Waves The health impact of Heat Waves typically involve dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and/or heat stroke. The signs and symptoms are as follows: Heat Cramps : Edema (swelling) and Syncope (Fainting) generally accompanied by fever below 39°C i.e.,102°F. Heat Exhaustion : Fatigue, weakness, dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and sweating. Heat Stoke : Body temperatures of 40°C i.e., 104°F or more along with delirium, seizures or coma. This is a potentially fatal condition.

9. PROTECTION FROM HEAT WAVE IMPACT OF HEATWAVE HEALTH Extreme temperature events have profound - even fatal - impacts on human health. Rapid rise in heat gains due to exposure to hotter than average conditions compromise the body's ability to regulate temperature and can result in a surge of illnesses.

10. Physical

11. During a heatwave , there is a significant increase in stress, anxiety, and depression that may trigger or exacerbate mental, behavioural , and cognitive disorders. Mental

12. Financial Impact Energy Temperature rise leads to an increase in need for space cooling. The power demand in urban areas during summers peak with "cooling load" due to the use of air conditioners, coolers and fans contributing to maximum consumption of electricity. Extreme temperatures exacerbate the demand for mechanical cooling and air-conditioners, leading to increased electrical consumption impacting the average expenditure for a household.

13. Resilience strategies against HEATWAVE for Home Building orientation and design can improve the impacts of heat waves, urban heat islands and local air pollution. Thermal comfort in buildings through low-energy consuming means complement each other in making comfortable living a reality.

14. Cooling solution for exiting home

15. Bamboo, Thatch & Palm Leaves Roof Screen

16. Paints and Finishes Paint and wall finishes have an important role on solar absorption and thermal emittance of the façade. Wall color and texture can help to reduce temperatures by reducing solar heat gain.

17. COOLING SOLUTIONS FOR NEW HOMES

18. Planning & Orientation Orientation of the building plays a crucial role with respect to solar exposure and wind direction. Orientation affects the heat gain through building envelope and thus the cooling demand of the building.

19. Fenestrations & Shading Fenestrations Properly oriented doors and windows when open provide natural cross ventilation. More cooling can be obtained if air is forced to take the longer path between inlet and outlet.

20. Shading Shading devices are an effective means of cutting down on solar heat gain into the building and thereby reducing the external surface temperatures of the envelope which can easily reach up to 10% higher than ambient temperatures in hot climates . Exterior shading devices can be provided in a variety of materials and designs, including sunshades, awnings, louvres , bamboo screens, ' jaali '.

21. Landscaping Shading with trees (along with evaporation) can reduce the ambient temperature near outer walls by 2ºC to 5ºC. Landscaping helps shade south, east or west facing windows from summer heat gain.

22. Terrace gardens Terrace gardens reduce overall heat absorption of buildings and insulate the building against heat & cold. They provide shade by breaking the solar radiations, improves air quality and cools the surrounding air. Vertical Green & Creepers Vertical green has a multi-functional character. It provides shade, improves air quality, reduces building and internal temperatures by 2ºC to 8ºC. Pergola & Trellis Pergola not only defines a space but most important they provide shade there by reducing the direct impact of solar radiations resulting in heat gain and improving thermal comfort

23. HEAT WAVE: DO’S & DON’T’S To minimize the impact during the heat wave and to prevent serious ailment or death because of heat stroke, you can take the following measures : Avoid going out in the sun, especially between 12.00 noon and 3.00 p.m. Drink sufficient water and as often as possible, even if not thirsty. Wear lightweight, light- colored, loose, and porous cotton clothes. Use protective goggles, umbrella/hat, shoes or slippers while going out in the sun . Avoid strenuous activities when the outside temperature is high. Avoid working outside between 12 noon and 3 p.m. While travelling, carry water with you. Avoid alcohol, tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks, which dehydrates the body. ▪ Avoid high-protein food and do not eat stale food. If you work outside, use a hat or an umbrella and also use a damp cloth on your head, neck, face and limbs Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles

24. HEAT WAVE: DO’S & DON’T’S If you have dizziness, illness or feel like fainting, see a doctor immediately . Use ORS, homemade drinks like lassi , torani (rice water), lemon water, buttermilk, etc. which helps to re-hydrate the body. Keep animals in shade and give them plenty of water to drink. Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters, sunshade and open windows at only during night. Use fans, damp clothing and take bath in cold water frequently.

25. ADVISIORY ON HEAT WAVE The National Disaster Management Authority has issued advisory on what to do and what not to do in a heat wave affected area. They are as follows: DO’S Drink enough water and whenever possible, even if not thirsty. It is necessary to stay hydrated in these conditions . Schedule strenuous jobs to cooler times of the day. Increase the frequency and length of rest, when involved in outdoor activities. Pregnant workers and workers with a medical condition should be given additional attention and leave if necessary. Planting trees and or even smaller plants will reduce the surface and air temperatures by providing shade and cooling around your house.

26. DON’T Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles. The metallic bodies of these vehicles will super heat the vehicles resulting in dehydration and at times even death. Avoid going out in the afternoons, especially around 12.00 noon and 3.00 p.m. Do not wear dark, heavy or tight clothing. Wearing loose clothing is advisable as it allows the body to exhale more easily. Do not engage in physically demanding activities when the outside temperature is high . Do not cook during peak hours. But should you choose to, open doors and windows to ventilate the cooking area adequately. Drinks like tea, alcohol, coffee and aerated drinks, will dehydrate your body faster. So they must be avoided Avoid food items high in proteins and completely avoid eating stale food.

27. Tips for treatment of a person affected by a sunstroke : Let the person lie in a cool place, under a shade. Wipe her/him with a wet cloth/wash the body frequently. Pour normal temperature water on the head. The main thing is to bring down the body temperature. Give the person ORS to drink or lemon sarbat / torani or whatever is useful to rehydrate the body. Take the person immediately to the nearest health centre. The patient needs immediate hospitalization, as heat strokes could be fatal.

28. EMERGENCY KIT Water bottle Umbrella / Hat or Cap / Head Cover Hand Towel Hand Fan Electrolyte / Glucose / Oral Rehydration

29. Acclimation to heat wave : People at risk are those who have come from a cooler climate to a hot climate. You may have such a person(s) visiting your family during the heat wave season. They should not move in open area for a period of one week till the body is acclimatized to heat and should drink plenty of water. Acclimatization is achieved by gradual exposure to the hot environment.